Table of Ayurvedic Plants and Minerals with Sanskrit (and Synonyms), Common, and Botanical Names
Note: # indicates plant with multiple botanical identities
| Sanskrit | Common | Botanical |
|---|---|---|
| abhraka bhasma syn.= mica: abhraka, svaccha, akasha, patola, varapitaka | ash, mica | Silicum |
| acuka | Indian mulberry | Morinda citrifolia Linn./ tinctoria / bracteata Rubiaceae |
| addhahpushpi syn.= addahpushpi, avakpushpi | none | Trichodesma indicum R. Br. Boraginaceae |
| adhaki syn.= adhaki, shanapushpika, varya, karavirabhuja, pitapushpa, vrittabija, kalavrinta, kulattha, vakraka, tamra-varana, tuberika, tuvari, supya | pigeon pea | Cajanus cajan Mills / indicus Fabaceae / Papilionaceae |
| adityabhakta syn.= adityabhakta, suryamukhi, arkakantha | sunflower | Helianthus annuus Linn. Asteraceae |
| agastya syn.= agasti, shighrapushpa, agastya, munidrum, vranari, dirghaphalak, vakrapushpa, surapriya, vangasen, madhuryati | swamp pea / sesban | Sesbania grandiflora (Linn.) Pior. Papilionaceae |
| agnimantha # syn.= shriparna, ganikarika, asvarika, vataghni, matha, ketu, nadeyi, aranika, jaya | none | Premna integrifolia Linn. / obtusifolia Verbenaceae |
| aguru # syn.= agni, loha, krimij, rajarha, bhringraj, agnikashtha, vanshik, vanadrum, puram, dhupagam, mallikaagadh, jongaka | aloe wood / eagle wood | Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. Thymelacaceae |
| ahiphena syn.= aphuk, ahifen, aphan, niphen, nagaphen, rasodbhutam, khaskhasrasa | opium / white poppy | Papaver somniferum Linn. Papaveraceae |
| ajagandha # syn.= ajagandha, kharpushpa, ugragandha, brahmakarma, pashugandha, kabari, suvarcala, shabarigandha, tungi | dog mustard | Cleome gynandra / viscosa Linn. / Gynandropsis gynandra Capparidaceae |
| ajamoda # syn.= ajamoda, ajmoda, kharashva, karvi, markati, shikhimoda, moodadhya, ugragandhika, phalmukhya, yavani, dipyaka, karavi | wild celery / ajowan` | Carum / Trachyspermum roxburghianum Craib / ex. Kurz / Apium graveolens Linn. Apium leptophyllum Pers. Umbelliferae |
| ajapada syn.= ulpalabheda, induparni | thick-leaved lavender | Anisochilus carnosus Wall. Labiatae |
| ajashringi syn.= karkatashringi, shringi, kulirshringi, ghosha, candra, kalinga, vakra, vanajamardhaja, kulira, karkata, karkataki, arthacampika, karkatashringi | none | Rhus succedanea Linn. Anacardiaceae |
| ajeka syn.= vantulasi | shrubby basil | Ocimum gratissimum Linn./ frutescens Labiatae |
| akarakarabha syn. = akallaka, akarakarabha, akarakarava | pellitory | Anacylus pyrethrum DC. Compositae / Asteraceae |
| akhukarni akhukarni | none | Merremia emarginata (Burm.f.) Hall.f. / gangetica Cuf. Convolvulaceae |
| akhuparni syn.= akhuparni, akhukarni, shubhashreni, krushika, dravanti, undirkarnika, citra, sukarni, nyagrudhi, bhumiradashrava, mushikaparnika, vrishakarni, akhu vinna, musakaparni, bastantri, vriddhdaru, mishika kani | none | Ipomoea reniformis Chois. Convolvulaceae |
| akshoda syn.= akshota, akshoda, akshotak, parvatiya, kandaral, brihatcada, svadumajja, vrittaphala, madanahya, sailabhava, rekhaphala, karparala | walnut / Persian Walnut / European walnut | Juglans regia Linn. Juglandaceae |
| akshota syn.= akshota, akshodaha, vrittaphala, kanda, labha, prithucchada, askhota | Indian walnut / filbert / candle-nut | Aleurites moluccana Willd. Euphorbiaceae |
| alabu syn.= alabu, tumbi | white pumpkin | Cucurbita lagrenaria Linn. Cucurbitaceae |
| alambusha # alambusha | sensitive water plant | Neptunia oleracea Lour. Mimosaceae |
| alarka # | none | Solanum trilobatum Linn. Solanaceae |
| alarka # syn.= red: tulaphala, kshirparna, shvetarka, madnar, vasuka, raktarka, arkanama, arkaparna; white: shuklarka, tapan, supushpa, vrittamallika, rajarka, vasuka, gunarupa, vikshir, alarka | mudar bowstring hemp / gigantic swallow wort | Calotropis / Asclepia gigantea R. Br. Asclepiadaceae |
| alka | baking soda | N/A |
| alukam alukam | greater yam, Asiatic yam | Dioscorea alata Linn. Dioscoriaceae |
| alupam syn.= alupam, alukam | taro, cocoyam | Colocasia esculenta (Linn.) Schott. Araceae |
| amalaki syn.= amalaki, shriphala, dhatrika, dhatri, amrita, shita, gayatrei, vrushya, rocani, tishyaphala, pancarasa, kayastha, amala | Indian gooseberry | Emblica officinalis Gaertn./ Phyllanthus emblica Linn. Euphorbiaceae |
| amarvalli # syn.= amarvalli, amaravela, khavalli, akashvalli, dusparsha, vyomvallika, svarnalata, nirmuli, akashvel | dodder | Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Convolvulaceae |
| ambuja | none | Limnophila gratioloides Br. Lerophulariaceae |
| amlavalli syn.= amlavalli, triparnika | Goanese ipecacuanha | Naregamla alata W&A. Meliaceae |
| amlavetasa # | none | Solena amplexicaulis (Lam. ) Gandhi / heterophylla Lour. Cucurbitaceae |
| amlavetasa # syn.= amlavetas, vedhu, rasamla, viravetas, vetasamla, amlasar, bhedan, raktasar, shankhadravi, mansadravi, pitamula | Indian rhubarb | Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. / Rheum emodi Wall. Guttiferae |
| amlika syn.= cinca, cukrika, cukra, amlica, shkcukrika, amli, sutattidi, amla, tittidika, sukta, suktika | tamarind | Tamarindus indica Linn. Leguminosae |
| amra syn.= 63 names in sanskrit: amra, kamashar, madhavdruma, bhringubhishta, sidhurasa, vasantduta, atisaurabha, madirasav, kokilabandhuk, shukapriya, kharanasa | mango / spring tree / cupid's favorite | Mangifera indica Linn. Anacardiaceae |
| amragandha amragandha | none | Limnophila aromatica (Linn.) Merr. / gratissima Blume Scrophulariaceae |
| amragandhi haridra syn.= amragandhi haridra, karpura haridra, amaharidra, amragandha, kapurharidra, sugandha | mango-ginger, turpentine mango, white turmeric | Curcuma amada Roxb. Scitaminaceae |
| amrata syn.= amrata, amrataka, amravata, phali, moda, phala, kapi | Indian hog plum / wild mango | Spondias pinnata / mangifera Willd. Anacardiaceae |
| amritaphala # syn.= amritphala, nasapati, tanka | pear | Pyrus communis Linn. Rosaceae |
| anannas syn.= bahnetra | pineapple | Ananas cosmus Merr./ sativus Linn. Bromeliaceae |
| ankola syn.= ankot, ankolaka, gomedaka, mani, nikocaka | sage leaves ` | Alangium salviifolium Wang. / lamarki Thw. Cornaceae |
| apamarga # syn.= apamarga, durgraha, adhashalya, karmanjri, pratyakpushpi, kinihi, markat pippali, kshavaka, karkatpippali, kshudhapamarga, mayuraka, mayura, kharamanjar, shikari | prickly chaff flower | Achyranthes aspera Linn. Amaranthaceae |
| aparajita # syn.= aparajita, gokarnika asphota, katabhi, dadhipusphika, vishantri, mohanashini, vishnukranta, vajikhura, ashva, girikarnika, kinihi, mahashveta | butterfly pea/clitoria | Clitoria ternatea Linn. Papilionaceae / Fabaceae |
| apoedika syn.= potaki | Indian spinach / Malabar nightshade | Basella alba Linn. Chenopodiaceae |
| aragvadha # syn.= aragvadha, arogyashimbi, svarnat, karna, dirghaful, rajvriksha, shampak, caturangul, arevat, krutaned, suvarnak, kundurghna, karnikara, kritamala | India laburnum / purging cassia | Cassia fistula Linn. Caesalpiniaceae / Leguminosae |
| aranyajiraka syn.= brihatpali, sukshmapatra, aranyajir, kana, vanajirak, karajiri | purple fleabane | Centratherum / Vernonia anthelminticum Kuntze Compositae |
| ardraka syn.= vishva, nagar, vishvabheshaj, vishvoushadha, katugranthi, katubhadra, katushan, sauparna, mahaushadha, shringvera | ginger ` | Zingiberis / Zinziber officinalis Rosc. / Linn. Zingiberaceae |
| arimeda syn.= arimedah, irimeda, arimedaka, vitkhasira, kalaskandha, sarpameda-godha, ripu-rima, ahimeda, putimeda, ahimedaka, vitkhadira, vidkhadir | cassia flower / sponge tree | Acacia leucophloea /farnesiana Willd. Fabaceae / Mimosaceae |
| arishtaka syn.= arishtaka, rithkaranj, gucchapushpak, mangalya, kumbhabijak, prakirya, phenila, garbhapati, raktabija, rakshabija, phenila | Indian filbert / soapnut tree | Sapindus trifoliatus Linn./ laurifolia Vahl Sapindaceae |
| arjuna # syn.= arjuna, dhawal, kakubha, indradu, viravriksha, nadisarja, gaura, kashaya, shakataksha, dhurandar, partha, dhananjay, shvetavaha | arjuna myrobalan | Terminalia arjuna Wight. & Am. Combretaceae |
| arka # syn.= red = toolaphala, ksheerparna, shwetarka, mandar, vasuka, alarka, raktarka, arkanama, arkaparna white = shuklarka, tapan, supushpa, vrittamallika, rajarka, vasuka, alarka, gunaroopa, viksheer | madder tree | Calotropis procera Ait. Asclepiadaceae |
| arkaparni syn.= arkaparni, svasaghni, anthrapachaka, latakshiri | country ipecacuanha / emetic swallow-wory | Tylophora asthmatica W&A./ indica Merrill Asclepiadaceae |
| arkapushpi syn.= arkapushpi, krurakanda, jalakama, abhirandika | none | Holostemma annularis / Asclepias Asclepiadaceae |
| arkaraga syn.= arkaraga, agnijara, abdhinarikela | sea coconut palm / double coconut palm | Lodoicea sechellarum Comm. & Labill./ maldivica Pers. Arecaceae |
| artagala syn.= artagala, argata, arttagala, bahu kanta, pradharshana | holy leafed acanthus | Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. Acanthaceae |
| aruka aruka | plum | Prunus domestica Linn. Rosaceae |
| aruka syn.= aruka | peach | Prunus persica Stokes Rosaceae |
| asana # syn.= bijaka, pitasala, asana | Indian Kino Malabar Kino | Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. Papilionaceae |
| ashoka # syn.= ashoka, hemapushpa, kankeli, shokanash, karnapurak, subhag, smaracivas, doshahari, rama, pallavadru, raktak, ragi | ashoka tree | Saraca indica Linn / asoka Wilde Caesalpiniaceae |
| ashvagandha # syn.= ashvagandha, balada, gandhanta, vajinama, vajini, pushtida, punya, vataghni, balya, hayahya, vrusha, hayagandha | winter cherry | Withania somnifera Dunal Solanaceae |
| ashvakarna ashvakarna | flowering murdah | Terminalia paniculata Roth Combretaceae |
| ashvakarna syn.= ashvakarna, jarandrum, dirghparna, kaushik, tarkshya, dirghavriksha, gurjun | wood oil tree | Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. Dipterocarpaceae |
| ashvakatri ashvakatri | none | Dryhnaria quercifolia J. Smith / Polypodium quercifolium Linn. Polypodiaceae |
| ashvakshura # | alfalfa | Medicago sativa Leguminosae |
| ashvamantaka # syn.= ashvamantaka, phalgu | none | Bauhinia tomentosa Linn. Caesalpiniaceae |
| ashvattha # syn.= ashvattha, pippala, shrivriksha, sevya, asvatha, caldal, bodhidru, pavitraka, yadnik, mahadrum, devatma, krishnavas | sacred fig / peepal tree | Ficus religiosa Linn. Urticaceae |
| asishimbi syn.= asishimbi, mahashimbi | sword bean / broad bean / Patagonian bean | Canavalia gladiata DC./ Censiformis sensu Baker Fabaceae |
| asphota syn.= asphota, vanamallika, priya, supurja, malati, vanamalti | wild jasmine | Jasminum angustifolium (Linn.) Willd. Oleaceae |
| asthisamharaka # syn.= asthisanhari, asthisanharaka, asthishrinkhala, vajravati, vajrang, kroshtughantika, granthiman, vajravallari, vajri, asthisandhanini | bone setter | Cissus / Vitis quandrangularis Linn. / Wall. Vitaceae |
| astmabadya # syn.= astmabayda, chaya | none | Aerva lanata Juss. Amarantaceae |
| atasi syn.= atasi, uma, picchila, devi, medagandha, madotkata, kshuma, hemavati, rudranila, masruna, suvalkala | flax plant / linseed | Linum usitatissimum Linn. Linaceae |
| atibala syn.= atibala, balya, brimhaniya, madhuraskandha, vatasamshrmana, madhura gana, rishyaprokta, kankatika | country mallow | Abutilon indicum Malvaceae |
| ativisha syn.= ativisha, shrungi, virupa, pittadivallabha, shwetvaca, visha, madri | Indian atees? | Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Ranunculaceae |
| auddalaka syn.= auddalaka, shvanamara | dog-bane / odallum tree | Cerbera odollam Gaertn. Apocynaceae |
| avartaki syn.= avartaki, bhavya | chalta | Dillenia indica Linn. Dillenisceae |
| avartaki syn.= avartaki, vibhandi, manodnya, mahada, carmaranga, vamavarta, mahajalini, pitapushpa, taravar, aval | mature tea tree /tanner's cassia | Cassia auriculata Linn. Caesalpiniaceae |
| avartani syn.= avartaphala, rangalata, vamavarta, tindukini, vibhandi avarttani, mrigashringi | East Indian screw tree | Helicteres streptocarpus / isora Linn. Sterculiaceae |
| ayapanam ayapanam, | ayapana tea | Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl./ ayapan Compositae |
| babbula syn.= babbula, babul, yugalaksha, kantalu, tikshakantak, goshrunga, dirghakanta, ajabhaksha, sukshmapatra, kashay | black babul / babul tree | Acacia nilotica Linn. / indica / arabica Willd. Leguminosae |
| babuna 1 | chamomile | Matricaria chamomilla Linn. Asteraceae / Compositae |
| babuna 2 | chamomile, German | Matricaria recutita Asteraceae / Compositae |
| badara syn.= karkandhu, badari, kol, phenil, kuvala, sauvir, ajapriya, koli, visham, abhaykantak, rajabadara | Indian plum / jujube / bherefruit tree | Zizyphus sativus Rhamnaceae |
| bakuci syn.= bakuci, bakuci, somarekha, shashanklekha, somaragi, candralekha, somavalli, yendavi, tvakdoshaghni, avalguja, somaraji, malayu | purple fleabane / babchi seeds | Psoralea corylifolia Linn. Papilionaceae |
| bakula syn.= sinhakesara | bullet-wood tree | Mimusops elengi Linn. Sapotaceae |
| bala # syn.= odanika, bhadra, samanga, baladhya, vatika, sanasa, mahasamanga, kharayashtika, shitapaki, viryabala | Indian country mallow | Sida cordifolia Linn. Malvaceae |
| balaka syn.= balaka, vari, hribera, pinga, acamana, kaca, udicya, vajramantha, valaka, hribera, ambu, jala | none | Coleus vettiveroides / Plectranthus vettiveroides (Jacob) Singh & Sharma Lamiaceae |
| balaka-hrivera syn.= balaka-hrivera, balaka, hrivera, bala, pingala, jala-vari-ambu-toya, barhistha, udicya, tiktanga, keshy-keshambu-kuntali | none | Pavonia odorata Willd. Malvaceae |
| balamota syn.= balamota, jaya, sukshmapatra, aparajita | none | Sesbania sesban Papilionaceae |
| banaphsha | none | Loranthus falcatus Linn. Loranthaceae |
| bandaka | noon plant | Pentapetes phoenicea Linn. Sterculiaceae |
| bandhuka syn.= bandhuka, arkavallabha, baandhujivaka | hawthorn (berry) | Crataegus oxycantha Linn. Rosaceae |
| ban-sangli | wild violet | Viola odorata Linn. Violaceae |
| barahi syn.= keyura, svalpa, vitapa, kenduka, svadu kandala | yam | Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. Dioscoriaceae |
| bendarli (Tam.) | clubmoss spores | Lycopodium clavatum Linn. Lycopodiaceae |
| bhadramusta syn.= bhadramusta, nagaramustaka | chufa, tiger nut, rush nut | Cyperus esculentus Linn. Cyperaceae |
| bhallataka syn.= bhallataka, agnimukha, agnimukhi, arushkara, anala, krimighna, bhallata, aruka | Marking nut / oriental cashew | Semecarpus anacardium Linn. f. Anacardiaceae |
| bhandira syn. = bhandira, sthauneyaka, barhinaparni | none | Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn./ viscosum Vent. Gaertn. Verbenaceae |
| bhanga syn.= bhanga, matulani, madani, shivapriya, vijaya, jaya, ganja, virpatra, capala, ananda, harshani, mohini | Indian hemp | Cannabis indica Linn. / sativa Urticaceae |
| bharngi # syn.= bharngi, bhargi, brahmayashtika, kharashaka, padma, gardhabashaka, barbaraka, shukramala, kasaghni, bhargakagrani, mahagardhbagandhika, bhangura, bhanji, kharahva | none | Clerondendrum serratum Spreng. Verbenaceae |
| bhenda syn.= bhenda, karnaphala, bhinda, astrapatraka, bhindatika, darvika, catupunda, vrittabija, gandhamula, karnaparna, picchila, catushpada, sushaka, kshatrasambhava | okra | Hibiscus esculentus Linn. / Abelmoschus esculentus Moench Malvaceae |
| bhringaraja # syn.= bhringaraj, bhrngaraja, markava, kesharanjana, kesharaja, ravipriya, abhedakaraja, keshali, ravivallabha | false daisy | Eclipta alba Hassk. / prostrata Linn. Compositae |
| bhucanaka syn.= bhucanaka, mandapi | peanut / ground nut / monkey nut | Arachis hypogaea Linn. Fabaceae |
| bhulavanga syn.= bhulavnaga, bhallavianga | primrose willow | Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven / Jussieua suffruticosa Linn. Onagraceae |
| bhumicampaka syn.= bhumicampaka, bhucampaka, hallaka | Indian crocus | Kaempferia rotunda Linn.& K.longa. Scitaminaceae |
| bhumyamalaki syn.= bhumyamalaki, vrishya, bhudhatri, vvishvaparni, bindupatri, bahuvirya, tamalaki, uttama, bahuputra, shiva | feather foil plant | Phyllanthus niruri Linn. / fraternus / amarus Webster Euphorbiaceae |
| bhunimba # syn.= kalamegh, kirta | king of bitters / chiretta | Andrographis paniculata Nees Acanthaceae |
| bhurjapatra syn.= bhurja, valkadruma, sucarma, bhurjapatrak, citratvak, bindupatra, rakshapatra, vicitrak, bhutaghna, mridupatra | birch /jacquemon tree | Betula utilis D. Don Cupuliferae |
| bhushirishah bhushirsha | black siris | Albizzia odoratissima (Linn. f.) Benth. Mimosaceae |
| bhustrina bhustrina | West Indian lemon grass / true lemon grass | Andropogon citratus DC. / Cymbopogon citratus Stapf. Gramineae |
| bibhitaka syn.= bibhitaki, karshaphala, aksha, kalidrum, telpushpak, bhutavas, kalivriksha, romaharsha, kalind | beleric myrobalan | Terminalia belerica Roxb. Combretaceae |
| bichu (hindi) | common stinging nettle | Urtica dioica Linn. Urticaceae |
| bijapuraka # syn.= bijapuraka, bijapur, mahalunga, matulunga, rucak, bijahva, palapurak, lunga, amlakesar | citron tree | Citrus medica Linn. Rutaceae |
| bilva syn.= shalatu, shalya, hridyagandha, shivadruma, karkata, trishikha, shaivapatra, duraroha | bael | Aegle marmelos Corr. ex. Roxb. Rutaceae |
| bilva syn.= shalatu, shalya, hridyagandha, shivadruma, karkata, trishikha, shaivapatra, duraroha | bael fruit | Aegle marmelos Corr. ex. Roxb. Rutaceae |
| bimbi syn.= bimbi, bimba, raktaphala, tundi, tindikeri, bimbika, oshtopamaphala, piluparni | none | Coccinia indica Wight & Arun / grandis / cordifolia Cucurbitaceae |
| bimbi syn.= bimbi, rakta phala, gola, rundi, dontacchadopama | none (type of gourd?) | Coccinia cordifolia Cucurbitaceae |
| biyana | kaim | Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. / Stephegyne parvifolia Roxb. Rubiaceae |
| bola syn.= jatirasa | myrrh | Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. Burseraceae |
| brahma suvarcala brahmasuvarcala | common mallow | Malva sylvestris Linn. Malvaceae |
| brahmi # syn.= brahmi, sarasvati, jahaushadhi, svayambhuvi, madukamala, matsyakshi, medhya, satyavati, smarani, aindri, kapotavamka | thyme-leaved gratiola | Bacopa / Herpestis monnieri Pennell Scrophulariaceae |
| brihat jambira brihat jambira | bitter orange / sour orange / Seville orange | Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle Rutaceae |
| brihat loni syn.= brihat loni, ghotika | common Indian Parselane | Portulaca oleraceae Linn. Portulacaceae |
| brihati syn.= brihati, mahati, bahupatri, bahupatra, kantatani, forali, dushpradharsha, mahavartakini, mahoshri, sinhi | Indian nightshade / poison berry | Solanum indicum Linn./ anguivi Lam. Solanaceae |
| brikshamla | red mango | Garcinia indica Choisy / purpurea Guttiferae |
| cakramarda syn.= cakramarda, edagaja, prapunnada, dadrughna, vimarda, shakunashana, cakri, cakragaja, dridabija, meshavha, vyavartaka, punnata, khurjughna, gajakya, mesha, edkaja | fetid cassia ringworm plant | Cassia tora Linn. / toroides / fetida/obtusifol Caesalpiniaceae |
| cakshuÃya syn.= cakshushya, ckara, kulali, vanyakulattha, aranyakulatthika, locanhita, kulatthika, cakrak | none | Cassia absus Linn. Leguminosae |
| campeya campeya | rose-apple | Syzygium jambos (Linn.) Alston / Eugenia jambos Linn. Myrtaceae |
| canaka syn.= canaka, harimantha, vajimantha, jivana | chicken pea / Bengal gram | Cicer arietinum Linn. Papilionaceae |
| cancu syn.= cincha, canchu, cancuki, dirghapatra, satiktata | none | Corchorus acutangulus / aestuans Tiliaceae |
| canda syn.= canda, phalachoura, taskara, kitava, krodhana, pishuna, gouri, shankhinika, shathi, douhkuleya-dushkula | none | Angelica archengelica Linn. Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) |
| candana shveta syn.= candana, shrikanda, gandhasara, candradyuti, shvetacandana, shitala, sarvapriya, rajayogya, himam | white sandalwood | Santalum album Linn. Santalaceae |
| candrashura syn.= candrashura, ahaliva, candrika, carmahantri, pashumehanakarika, nandini karavi, bhadra, vasapushpa, suvasara | garden cress / water cress | Lepidium sativum Linn. Cruciferae |
| cangeri syn.= cangeri, cangeri, amlaparnika, triparni | Indian sorrel | Oxalis corniculata Linn. Geraniaceae |
| carmakasha syn.= carmakasha, carmavriksha | none | Ehretia laevis Roxb. Boraginaceae |
| caturangi syn.= caturangi, vanacchedi | wild sage, lantana weed | Lantana camara Linn. / aculeata Verbenaceae |
| cauhar syn.= caurapurva, parskiyavani, jantunashan, corahva | worm seed | Artemisia maritima Linn. / brevifolia Compositae |
| cauraka syn.= kitava, candra, dushpatra, shankita, ripu | none | Trigonella corriculata Papilionaceae |
| cavya # syn.= cavica, cavika, ushanah, gajapipali mula | wild pepper | Piper chaba Hunter / brachystachyum Wall. ? Piperaceae |
| chagakarna syn.= chagakarna, asana | black murdah | Terminalia crenulata Roth Combretaceae |
| champaka syn.= kusuma, suvarna | golden or yellow champa | Michelia champaca Linn. Magnoliaceae |
| chatraka syn.= sansvedajashak, bhumicchatra, shilindhrak | mushroom, touchwood | Psolliota campestris (Linn.) Fr. Agaricaceae |
| chatrii syn.= chatri, kukkurajihva | none | Leea indica (Burm.f.) Merr. / sambucina Linn. Leeaceae |
| chayaparpatika chayaparpatika | none | Hedyotis / Oldenlandia herbacea Linn. Rubiaceae |
| chikkika syn.= chhikkika, chikkana, chhikika, tikshna, ghrandukhahda, chhikkani, kashvakrit, nakachhikkani, mecheta, kshavaka | sneeze wart | Centipeda minima / orbicularis Lour. Compositae |
| cicinda syn.= cicinda, shvetaraji, sudirgha, grihulaka | snake gourd | Trichosanthes anguina / cucumerina Linn. Cucurbitaceae |
| cilhaka # | none | Casearia tomentosa Roxb. Samydaceae |
| cirbhita syn.= cirbhita, cirbhata, kshetracirbhita, karkachirbhita, cirbhitaka, karkatika, panduphala, gorakshacirbhita, karkaru | sweet melon / musk melon | Cucumis melo var. memordica Duthis & Fuller Cucurbitaceae |
| ciribilva syn.= chiribilva, prakirya, chirbilva, putikaranj, putik, kalimarak, puti, kananjik, chilbill | Indian elm / kanju | Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. Urticaceae |
| cirpota syn.= cirpota, parpoti | bandoleer fruit | Zanonia indica Linn. Cucurbitaceae |
| citraka # syn.= dahana, raktacitraka, rata-shikja, ushana, agni, agnika, anala, aruna, dvipi, hutash, hutashan, hutabhuk, jyotishka, katu, krishna, pathi, pati, pathin, pavaka, shikhi, vahni, vahninama, vallari, vyal | rosy-flowered leadwort / fire plant | Plumbago indica Linn./ rosea Linn. Plumbaginaceae |
| citraka # syn.= citrak, agni, shardul, citrapali, krishnanudahan, vyal, jyoti, palak, anal, darun, vahni, dvipi | white leadwort | Plumbago zeylanica Linn. Plumbaginaceae |
| copcini syn.= copchini, dvipantarvaca, topcini | china root | Smilax china Linn./ glabra Liliaceae |
| coraka # syn.= shankit, dushpatra, kshemak, ripu, ganahas, kopanaka, phalcorak, nishacar, dhanhara, granthi parni, canda, | angelica (root) | Angelica glaucam Edgew. Umbelliferae |
| cukra syn.= ckurika, patramla, shatavedhini-sahasravedhi, rocani, cukrika | country sorrel / bladder dock | Rumex vesicarius Linn. Polygonaceae |
| cutch (hindi) | Java almond tree | Canarium commune Linn. Burseraceae |
| dadima syn.= dadima, dadim, lohitapushpaka, suphala, rocan, shukavalabha, sunil, raktakusum, shukapriya, dashanabij, raktapushpa, pindapushpa, dalima | pomegranate | Punica granatam Linn. Punicaceae |
| damanaka syn.= tapodhana, gandhotkata, brahmajata, pushpacamara | none | Artemisia sieversiana Willd. Asteraceae / Compositae |
| danti # syn.= danti, laghudanti, shighra, dantini, ruksha, rocani, erandphala, vishodhini, ghunapriya, akhuparni, brihatdanti, bhishagbhadra, dravanti, visha, nikumbha | none | Baliospermum montanum Muell. Arg. / axillare Euphorbiaceae |
| daruharidra # | barberry | Berberis vulgaris Berberidaceae |
| daruharidra # syn.= daruhardra, , darvi, katankateri, pitika, sthiraraga, kamini, pitacandan, hemakanta, pitak, haridru, nisha, kaliyaka | Indian barberry / tree turmeric | Berberis aristata DC. / coriaria Berberidaceae |
| darukanda syn.= darukanda, kalpakanda | tapioca / manioc . Cassava | Manihot esculenta Crantz / utilissima Pohl Euphorbiaceae |
| deodara syn.= deodaru, bhadradaru, daru, suradaru, snigdhadaru, shambhava, bhutahari, bhavdaru, suravha, indradu, snehavriksha, devadaru, devahva | none | Cedrus deodara Loud. Coniferae |
| dhamargava syn.= dhamargava, mahakoshataki, mahajalini, dhamargav, koshaphala, hastighosha, mahaphala, ghoshak, hastiparni | wash sponge / sponge gourd / vegetable sponge | Luffa cylindrica Linn. Cucurbitaceae |
| dhanavalli dhanavalli | none | Naravelia zeylanica (Linn.) DC. Ranunculaceae |
| dhanvana syn.= raktakusum, dhanurvriksha, mahabal, rujapaha, picchilak, svaduphala, gotradrum, dharman, saravrikshak | dhaman | Grewia tiliaefolia Vahl. Tiliaceae |
| dhanvayasa syn.= dhanvayasa, duralabha, samudranta, rodini, gandhari, kacchura, kashaya, harivagraha, marudbhava, duramula, tamramulika, danvayavasaka, tamramuli dhanvayavasaka, yasaka, duralambha | Khorasan thorn | Fagonia cretica / arabica Linn. Zygophyllaceae |
| dhanya syn.= dhanya, vrihi, shali, shalibheda, dirghashuka, vrihibheda, cina, dardura, dusaka, hayanaka, jatumukha, kalama, kardama shali, kuruvinda | rice (husked) / paddy (unhusked) | Oryza sativa Linn. / plena Chowdhury Poaceae |
| dhanyaka1 syn.= dhanyaka, catra, vitunnaka, chatradhanya, sugandhi, sukshmapatra, haridgandha, hridya, veshna, kushtumburu | cilantro leaf | Coriandrum sativum Linn. Umbelliferae |
| dhanyaka2 syn.= dhanyaka, chatra, vitunnaka, chatradhanya, sugandhi, sukshmapatra, haridgandha, hridya, veshna, kustumburu, dhanaka, dhanika, dhanya | coriander ` | Coriandrum sativum Linn. Umbelliferae |
| dharu ( Hindi) | French lavender | Lavandula stoechas Linn. Labiatae |
| dhataki syn.= dhataki, vahnipushpi, tamrapushpi, dahani, parvati, kumuda, guchhapushpa, madani, pramadani, mandaniyahetu | fire flame bush/downy grislea | Woodfordia fruticosa / floribunda Lythraceae |
| dhattura syn.= dhattura, dhurta, unmatta, kamaka, kharjughna, khala, kantaphala, matta, madakar, matula, mathamohi, matula, shivapriya, dhatturaka, kanaka | thorn apple | Datura metal Linn./ stramonium / alba Nees Solanaceae |
| dhava syn.= dhav, dathataru, gaur, madhurtvak, shuklavriksha, pandutaru, dhaval, spirodatha, shakat, dhavaka | axle wood | Anogeissus latifolia Wall. Combretaceae |
| dhyamaka syn.= dhyamaka, rohisha | rosha grass, rusa grass | Cymbopogon martinii Wats. / Andropogon martinii Roxb. Poaceae |
| dindisha syn.= dindisha, romaphala, sunirmita, chaya-pula | water melon | Citrullus vulgaris Var. fistulosus Duthie & Fuller Cucurbitaceae |
| draksha syn.= draksha, caruphala, krishna, tapaspriya, rasala, amritphala, phalottama, madhurasa | grapes | Vitis vinifera Linn. Vitaceae |
| dravanti # syn.= dravanti, kanana-eranda, parvata-yeranda | angular curved physic nut / purging nut | Jatropha curcas Linn. Euphorbiaceae |
| dronapushpi syn.= dronapushpi, , drona, phalepushpa, chota-kalkusha, kutumbaka | thumbe | Leucas cephalotus Spreng. aspera Link Labiatae |
| dugadhika syn.= dugdhika, nagarjuni, svaduparni, vikshirini, kshirini | Australian asthma weed, snake weed | Euphorbia hirta Linn. / pilulifera Euphorbiaceae |
| dugdha pashana bhasma | ash, silicate of magnesia | N/A |
| dugdhika # syn.= rajakshava, dugdhanika, dugdhika, svadupushpika, kshirani, kshirika, shita, shitambu,, madhuparnika, raktabindachada, laghu dugdhi, hemakshiri | none | Euphorbia thymifolia Burm. Euphorbiaceae |
| dughdapheni syn.= dugdhika, rajakshava, dugdhanika, svadupushpika, kshirani, kshirika, shita, shitambu, madhuparnika | dandelion / blow ball | Taraxacum officinalis Weber Euphorbiaceae / Compositae |
| durva syn.= durva, granthi, sveta, bhargavi, ananta, golomi | Bermuda grass | Cynodon dactylon Pers. Gramineae |
| dusparsha syn.= dusparsha, duralabha | Indian stinging nettle | Tragia involucrata / cannabina Linn. Euphorbiaceae |
| ekangi ekangi | honey bush / cosmetic box / china box | Murraya exotica Linn. / chesia paniculata Rutaceae |
| ela # syn.= ela, sukshmaila, candrabhaga, nishkuti, gandhaphalika, dravidodbhava, korangi, triputi | cardamom (small) ` | Elettaria cardamomum Maton Scitaminaceae |
| elabari # syn.= bahula, bahugandha, brihadela, bhadraila, prithvika, ela sthula - sthulaila, harenuka, kanya, | greater cardamom ` | Amomum subulatum Roxb. Scitaminaceae |
| elaphala elaphala | none | Litchi chinensis |
| eranda # syn.= eranda, white = erand, gandharvahasta, pancagjul, vatari, citra, red = vyaghra, hastikarna, nagakarna, karaparna, vyaghrakar | castor | Ricinus communis Linn. Euphorbiaceae |
| erandakarkati erandakarkati | papaya | Carica papaya Linn. Caricaceae |
| ervaru syn.= ervaru, bahukanda, brhatphala, hastipani, karkati | snake cucumber | Cucumis melo var. utilissimus Duthis & Fuller / utilissimus (Roxb.) Cucurbitaceae |
| gairika | china clay | Kaolinum |
| gajapippali syn.= gajapippali, cavya pippali, shreyasi, hastimagadha, gaja krishna | none | Scindapsus officinalis Schott. Araceae |
| gambhari # syn.= gambhari, mahabhava, shriparni, madhupamika, kashmari, pita-rohini, kashmiri, kashmarya, bhadraparni, madhurasa, gopabhadra | candhar tree / coomb teak / cashmeri tree | Gmelina arborea Linn. Verbenaceae |
| gandapura syn.= latakasturikam, zatakasturika | muskmallow | Hibiscus ablemoschus Linn. / moschatus Malvaceae |
| gandhaka syn.= sulfur: saugandhaka, lekhi, gandhashma, gandhapitaka, lelitaka, balivasa, vaigandha, gandhaka, bali | ash, sulfur | Sulfur |
| gandhaprasarini syn.= gandhaprasarini, gandhaprasarani, prasarani, sarani, bhadraparni, rajabala, pratanini, bhadra, bala, katambhara | Chinese flower plant | Paederia foetida Linn. Rubiaceae |
| gandira # gandira | none | Canthium parviflorum Lamk. Rubiaceae |
| gangeruka gangeruka | fox-grape | Cayratia carnosa Gagnep./ Vitis carnosa Linn. Vitaceae |
| gangeruki syn.= gangeruki, mahabala, nagabala, kharagandha, catuhphala, mahodaya, mahashakha, mahapatra, mahaphala, vishvadeva, arishta, krarva, rhasva, gavedhuka, devadanda | none | Grewia populifolia Tiliaceae |
| garalaphala syn.= kakamari, kakaphala | levant berries, fish berries, crow killer | Anamirta cocculus W & A. Menispermaceae |
| gardha bhanda syn.= parisa, suparashvaka | portia tree / tulep tree | Hibiscus populnea Linn. Malvaceae |
| gari kulaj ( ben) | soybean | Dolichos soja / Glycine soja Sieb. Papilionaceae |
| garjaram syn.= garjaram, shikha mulam, garjar, pindamul, pitak, svadumul, supit, naranga, pingalmul, pitakanda, grinjana | carrot | Daucas carota Linn. Umbelliferae |
| gavedhuka syn.= karshani, gohihva, akarshini, gavedhu, gavedhuka | Job's tear | Coix lacryma-jobi Linn. / L. lacryma Linn. Poaceae |
| genda syn.= zandu, salpushpa, zenduk, jhandu | French marigold | Tagetus erecta Linn. Compositae |
| gidar-tamaku (hindi) | great mullein | Verbascum thapsus Linn. Scrophulariaceae |
| giriparpat | none | Podophyllum hexandrum Berberidaceae |
| girishalmalika syn.= girishalmalika, shilakarpasika | yellow-flowered cotton tree | Cochlospermum religiosum (Linn.) Alston / gossypium DC. Cochlospermaceae |
| godhuma syn.= godhuma, yavanaka, madhulika, nistusa, sumana, badhudugdha, svapupa, mlecchabhojana, ksiri, rasala, mandi mukhi | wheat / beardless wheat | Triticum aestivum Linn. Gramineae |
| gojihva # syn.= gojihva, kharapatra, karvipatra, vrishajihva, gajaban, gavajbana | none | Onosma bracteatum Wall. Boraginaceae |
| gojihva # syn.= hastipadi, gojihva | elephant's foot / prickly leaves | Elephantopus scaber Linn. Compositae |
| gojihva # syn.= gojihva, gojika, gobhi, darvika, svaraparnini | none | Launaea aspleniifolia Hook. Compositae |
| gokshura # syn.= gokshura, gokantak, svadamshtra, trikantak, vanasharungat, canadrum, kshurak, palankasha, kantaphal, bhalshyatak, kantaki, kantaka | puncture vine/ small caltrops | Tribulus terrestris Linn. Zygophyllaceae |
| golakandha | potato | Solanum tuberosum Linn. Solanaceae |
| goraksha goraksha | boabab / monkey bread tree | Adansonia digitata Linn. Malvaceae |
| gostani syn.= gostani, vanyajati, kamuk, malati | Bombay mace / false nutmeg | Myristica malabarica Lam. Myristicaceae |
| guccha | citronella | Andropogon nardus Linn. Gramineae |
| gucchakaranja gucchakaranja | neipa bark tree | Samadera / Quassia indica Gaertn. Simaroubaceae |
| gudaygophala syn.= gudayogaphala | red gourd | Cucurbita maxima Duchesne. Cucurbitaceae |
| guduci syn.= guduci, madhuparnika, chinnodbhava, amrita, vishalya, cakralakshana, tandrika, jvaranashi, amrita, chinnaruha | Heartleaf moonseed | Tinospora cordifolia Miers Menispermaceae |
| guggulu syn.= guggul, deodhup, mahishaksha, palankash, kashi, kumbha, deveshta, rakshooouha, jatayu, kasara, guggulushaka, latvaka | Indian bedellum/gum gugal | Commiphora mukul Engl. / Balsamodendum m. Burseraceae |
| gulvel sattva | heartleaf moonseed | Tinospora cordifolia Miers Menispermaceae |
| gunja # syn.= gunja, chudamani, raktaphalika, kakanantika, kakadani, kakacinchi, krishnaraktika, ucchata | Indian licorice / jequirity | Abrus precatorius Linn. Tiliaceae |
| haimavati vaca syn.= haimavati vaca, parasikavaca | oris root | Iris vesicolor Thunb. / germanica Linn. Iridaceae |
| hamsaraja syn.= hamsaraja, vishvagandhi, tripadi, hansapadi, dhritmandalika, hansapadakarpatra, raktalajjalu, hamsapadi, raktapadi, tripadika, kitamari | maiden-hair fern | Adiantum philippense Linn. / lunulatum Polypodiaceae |
| hapusha syn.= hapusha, vapusha, vistra, para, ashvatthaphala, matsyagandha, plihahantri, vishghni, dhvankhanashini | juniper (berries) | Juniperus communis Linn. Cupressaceae/Coniferae |
| haridra syn.= haridra, haridre, rajani, gauri, harida, ratri, harita, jayanti, kancani, nisha, krimighna, yoshitriya, dvi nisha, dvaya, kshapa, bhadra, bhadrulata, dirdhraga, dirgharanga, haladi, kalameshi, mangalya, pavitra, pinga | turmeric ` | Curcuma longa Linn. / domestica Scitaminaceae |
| haridru syn.= haridruka, pitadaru, kadambak, dhulikadamb, pitkashtha, pitaksupushpa, suravha, pitakadrum, shriman | none | Adina / Haldina cordifolia Roxb. Rubiaceae |
| haritak² syn.= haritaki, pathya, haimamati, shiva, pathya, rohini, kayashta, shreyasi, cedanika, pacani, pathya, abhaya | chebulic myrobalan | Terminalia chebula Retz. Combretaceae |
| haritamanjari syn.= haritamanjari, arittamanjari | India acalypha | Acalypha indica Linn. Euphorbiaceae |
| harmal | Syrian rue | Peganum harmala Linn. Rutaceae |
| hatichu (hindi) | globe artichoke | Cynara scolymus Helianthus tuberous |
| hemamalati syn.= hemamalati, caturdharalata | none | Myxopyrum serratulum A.W.Hill Oleaceae |
| hijjala syn.= vidul, hijjul, nadikant, jalaj, dirghapatrak, raktamanjiri, toyaj, ambuj, nicula | hijjal | Barringtonia acutangula Gaertn. Myrtaceae |
| hingu syn.= sahastravedhi, jatuk, balhik, bhutnasan, sulanasan, sahasrvedhi, bahlika, ramatta, gathukam | asafoetida ` | Ferula foetida Regel / asafoetida Linn. Umbelliferae |
| hingunadika # syn.= nadihingu, hingushivatika, hingupatri, jantuka, ramathi, vanshapatri, pindahva, suvirya, hingunadika, bashpika, kavari | Dikamali-gum gardenia / Cambi resin / | Gardenia gummifera Linn. F. Rubiaceae |
| hintala hintala | none | Cycas circinalis Linn. Cycadaceae |
| hiranyatutha syn.= suranjan, white: surinjani shiri; yellow: surajanitalkh | golden collyrium | Colchicum luteum Baker Liliaceae |
| ijjala # syn.= hijjala, gucchaphala, kacchapolika, vishaya, samudrapad, samstravadi | none | Barringtonia racemosa Blume. Myrtaceae |
| ikshvaku syn.= ikshvaku, katu tumbi, alabu, tiktalabu, ikshyaku | bitter gourd | Lagenaria siceraria Standle. / vulgaris Cucurbitaceae |
| indhana | worm-wood / mugwort | Artemisia absinthium Linn. Compositae |
| indivara indivara | none | Monochoria vaginalis Presl. Pontederiaceae |
| indravaruni indravaruni, vishala | bitter gourd | Cucumis trigonus Roxb. Cucurbitaceae |
| indravaruni # syn.= indravaruni, aindri, citra, vishaghni, peetpushpi, indravalli, varuni, balakpriya, amruta, vishvalli, suravanini, sthanukarmi, dhanushreni, suryahava, manisambhava, candri, tulsi | bitter apple | Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. Cucurbitaceae |
| ingudi # ingudi | none | Sarcostigma kleinii W&A. Icacinaceae |
| ingudi-vraksha # syn.= ingudi vraksha, inguda, kingupatra, vishkanta, anilantak, gaur, suputra, shulari, ingudi, tikta, putikantak, angarvriksha | none | Balanites aegyptiaca Linn. / roxburghii Planch. Simaroubaceae |
| ishvari syn.= ishvari, nakuli, gandhanakuli, nakulidvaya | Indian birthwort | Aristolochia indica Linn. Aristolochiaceae |
| Isvara | torch tree | Ixora parviflora Vahl. / alba Rubiaceae |
| jai (mah. dialect) | oats | Aven sativa Linn Gramineae |
| jalapippali syn.= jalapippali, toyapippali, jalapippalika, shakuladini, sharadi, matsyagandha, matsyadani, langali | purple lippia | Lippia nodiflora Mich / Phyla nodiflora Linn. Verbenaceae |
| jalavetasa syn.= kalaukasambhrita, ambhoja, nicula | none | Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Salicaceae |
| jalavetasa syn.= vetasa, pashanabedaka | none | Homonoia riparia Lour. Euphorbiaceae |
| jambira syn.= jambira, dantashatha, jambha-jambhira-jambhila, jambhala, rocanaka, mukhashodhi, jantujit | lemon (Indian ) | Citrus limonum Burm. Or Sp. Risso. Rutaceae |
| jambu syn.= jambu, rajajambu, kshudrajambu, nadijambu, kashtajambu, gulabjambu, mahajambu, raja jambu, brihat phala, kshudrajambu, jambudvaya, | black plum | Eugenia jambolana Lam./ Syzgium cumini Linn. Myrtaceae |
| jangli-badam (hindi) | Indian Almond | Terminalia catappa Linn. Combretaceae |
| japa syn.= rudhrapushpa | Chinese hibiscus / shoe-flower plant | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. Malvaceae |
| jatamamsi # syn.= jatamamsi, jatamansi, bhutajata, sulomasha, nalada, jatila, keshini, jata, himstra, mansini, mamsi, bhutakeshi, nalagaucha | Indian spikenard/musk root | Nardostachys jatamamsi DC./ grandiflora DC./Valeriana jatamamsi Jones Valerianaceae |
| jati syn.= jati, jatik, manognya, sumana, rajputri, priyamvada, malati, hridyagandha, cetika, telbhavini, pushpa | Spanish jasmine | Jasminum grandiflorum Linn. Oleaceae |
| jatiphala syn.= jatiphala, jatikosha, malatiphala, shaluka, majasar, putha, sumanphala, soumanaphala, jatija, jatipatra | nutmeg ` | Myristica fragrans Houtt. Myristicaceae |
| jayanti syn.= harita, jaya, vijaya, sukshmamula, vikranta, aparajita, shitala, vatala, galgandahari | none | Sesbania egyptica Leguminosae / Papilionaceae |
| jayapala syn.= jayapala, naepala, kanakaphala, titteriphala, dantibheda, dravanti | purgative croton | Croton tiglium Linn. Euphorbiaceae |
| jhavuka syn.= shavaka, macika | manna | Tamarix gallica Linn. / indica Tamaricaceae |
| jimutaka syn.= jimuta, jimutaka, kantaphala, ghora, karkati, deodali, saramushika, koshavritta, akhuvrikshaka, romashpatrika, koshataki, vratakosha, akhuparni, devadali | none | Luffa echinata Roxb. Cucurbitaceae |
| jingini syn.= ajashringi, netrashuddhi | none | Rhus odina / Odina wodier Roxb. Anacardiaceae |
| jingini # syn.= jingini, modaki, jhonjhini, jhalli, gudamanjari, jaiasara, kalushi, kalamanjari, madanamanjari, parvatiya, suniryasa, ajashringi, jingoni | wodier / jhingam | Lannea grandis Engl. / Odina woodier Roxb. Anacardiaceae |
| jiraka syn.= jirak, jaran, dirghajirak, ajaji, kanavha, kanajirna, dipya, sitajaji, shuklajaji, dirghak | cumin ` | Cuminum cyminum Linn. Umbelliferae |
| jivaka syn.= jivaka | none (jeevak) | Malaxis acuminata D.Don / Microstylis wallichii Lindl. Orchidaceae |
| jivant² jivanti | none | Holostemma ada-kodien Schultes Asclepiadaceae |
| jivanti # syn.= jivanti, jivani, jivashresta, sakashresta, yasasvini, jivabhadra, mangalya | none | Dendrobium macraei Lindl. Orchidaceae |
| jivanti # syn.= jivanti, jivani, jiva, jivaniya, yashaskari, shakashreshtha, jivabhadra, mrigalya, jiva varddhani | none | Leptadenia reticulata W&A. Asclepiadaceae |
| jyotishmati # syn.= jyotishmati, kakandaki, pitataila, viga, svarnalata, kshipra, kedhya, matida, sarasvati, vrisha | staff tree / balloon vine | Celastrus paniculata Willd. / Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. Celastraceae |
| kadali syn.= kadali, vana lakshmi, rambha, mochaka, svaduphala, dirghapatra, kashthirasa, amrit, balak priya, urustambha, tantu, vigraha | plantain / banana | Musa paradisiaca Linn. / sapientum Scitaminaceae |
| kadamba syn.= vrittapushpa, nip, lalanapriya, kadambari, sindhupushpa, madadhya, karnapurak, kadamba, halipriya, sisupala, gandhavatpushpa, pravrishenya, manonnati, kutsitamba | wild cinchona | Anthocephalus indicus A. Rich. / cadamba Miq. Rubiaceae |
| kadara syn.= kadara, somavalkah | white cutch tree / white catech | Acacia polyantha Will. Mimosaceae |
| kahu (Hindi) | lettuce | Lactuca scariola Linn. / sativa / capitata Compositae |
| kairavini syn.= kairavini, kumudvati, kumuda, kairvini, kumudini, udupa priya, kalhara | white water lily | Nymphaea alba Linn. / versicolor / odoratta / Castalia alba Nymphaeaceae |
| kakajangha # syn.= kakajangha, nadikanta, kakatikta, sulomaja, paravarapadi,kaka, mada, chardikarini | none | Leea arguata / hirta Kitaceae |
| kakamaci syn.= kakamaci, dhvankshamachi, vayasavha, vayasi, sarvtikta, bahuphala, katphala, rasayani, kakamata, gucchaphala, svadupaka, kakatikta | black night shade | Solanum nigrum Linn. Solanaceae |
| kakanasa # syn.= kakanasa, dhvamshanasa | none | Trichosanthes tricuspidata Lour. / bracteata Voigt Cucurbitaceae |
| kako¸i syn.= kakoli | fritillary | Fritillaria roylei Hook.f. Liliaceae |
| kakodumbara syn.= kakodumbara, malayu, kathina, kushtaghni, falguni, falini, hemadugdhika, kharapatrika, garbhasanrakshak, stanyapradayini, kadodumbarika | none | Ficus hispida Linn. Urticaceae |
| kakoli syn.= kakoli, madhura, vira, kayastha, kshirashuklika, shvanksholi, vayasoli, svadumamsi, payasvini, kakolidvaya, kshirakakoli | none | Roscoea purpurea Royle. / prucera Wall. Scitaminaceae |
| kala dana (Hindi) | pharbitis seeds | Ipomoea hederaceae Jacq. Convolvulaceae |
| kalashaka syn.= kalashaka, kalika, nadika, patta, singgika, shaka bheda, kala | jute | Corchorus capsularis Linn. Tiliaceae |
| kalaya # syn.= kalaya, khandika | none | Lathyrus aphaca Linn. Papilionaceae |
| kalaya # kalaya, satina, harenu | pea, garden pea | Pisum sativum Linn. Fabaceae |
| kalikari # syn.= kalikari, vahnimukhi, langali, garbhpatini, vishalya, halini, shiri, prabhata, shuklapushpika, vidyut, ulka, agnijihva, pushpasi, bhara, vahni, sikha, agnika, nalarandhri, sukra pushpika, hiranyapu, garbhagatini, agnishikha | superb lily / wolf's bane / glory lily | Gloriosa superba Linn. Liliaceae |
| kamala syn.= svetakamala, pankaja, shatapatra, padma, bisa; white - kamala; pink - kokonad; blud - induvara, kalodya (seeds), kamalaraja (pollen), nalikera, nalina | Egyptian or sacred lotus | Nelumbium speciosum Willd. / nucifera Nymphaeaceae |
| kampillaka # syn.= raktang, rechi, rechanak, ranjan, lohitanga, karkasha, raktacurnak, kapilo, kamala dye | Indian kamala | Mallotus philippinensis Muell.-Arg. Euphorbiaceae |
| kamsamara kamsamara | Climbing flax | Hugonia mystax Linn. Linaceae |
| kamsya syn.= brass: mansya, loha, nijaghosha, ancaloha, prakshaka | brass | N/A |
| kancanara rakta syn.= kancanara, kancan, pakari, kovidara, dalak, canari, pitpushpa, girij, yugmaputra, mahapushpa, karbudara | mountain ebony | Bauhinia variegata Linn. Caesalpiniaceae |
| kancanara shveta syn.= kancanara, ashmantak, malukpatra, yugnapatra, amlapatrak kushali, papanashak | none | Bauhinia racemosa Roxb. Leguminosae |
| kandira # syn.= kandira, kandir, kandakatuka, ugrakanda, katilla, nasalivedan | none | Ranunculus sceleratus Linn. Ranunculaceae |
| kangshi syn.= kamakshi | alum | Alumen |
| kankola syn.= kankola, gandhamarich, kritaphala, kulak, katukphala, dvip, marich, triputa, kila, cakrabija, kashaphala, katuphala | hellbore | Picrorrhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth./ scrophulariiflora Pennell Scrophulariaceae |
| kankushtha syn.= kankushtha, kalakushtha, virang, shodha, kalapalak, kakakushtha, rachan, kolavaluka, rocan, jalavaluka, hemakshiri | cubeb / tailed pepper / java pepper | Piper cubeba Linn. / Cubeba officinallis Miq. Piperaceae |
| kantakari # syn.= kantakari, dusparsha, vyaghri, nidigdhika, bahukanta, kantalika, dhavani, bhaugudakuli, vartaki, sprushi, rushtrika, kshudra, laksmani, shveta kantakari | Indian gamboge | Garcinia morella Desr. Guttiferae |
| kantala | American aloe | Agave americana Linn./ cantula / cantala Amaryllidaceae |
| kaphi | coffee / Arabian coffee | Coffea arabica Linn. Rubiaceae |
| kapikacchu # syn.= kapikacchu, atmagupta, markati, pravnushayana, kandura, swayamgupta, durabhigraha, tikshna, romalu, visharoma, romavalli, ajaha, kandukara | cowitch plant / cowhage | Mucuna pruriens DC./ Carpopogon / Dolicos pruriens Papilionaceae |
| kapittha syn.= kapitthaka, dadhiphala, surabhicchada | elephant apple / wood apple | Feronia limonia / Limonia acidissima Linn. Rutaceae |
| karamarda syn.= krishnapakaphala, kshiraphena, samlapushpa, sushen, karamla, karamardak, avighna, panimarda, dindima | none | Carissa congesta Linn. Apocynaceae |
| karamardi syn.= karamardi, sushena, vanya, krishnaphala, karaunda, karamarda | jasmine flowered carrisa | Carissa carandus Linn. Apocynaceae |
| karanja, syn.= karanja, naktamal, gucchapushpa, ghrutpur, snigdhapatra, prakirya, cirbilva, putiparna, vriddhaphal, rocan, naktahva, naktamala | Indian beech | Pongamia glabra Linn. / pinnata / Galedupa indica Papilionaceae |
| karavella syn.= karavella, karavellika, sushavi, angarvelli, pacaru, kantaphala, pitapushpa, sukumari, aphala, akhili, rajavalli | bitter gourd / carilla fruit | Momordica charantia Linn. Cucurbitaceae |
| karavira syn.= karavira, hyamaar, ashvamaar, vajimaar, mahameer, hayaghna, shatakunda, ashvarodhak, ashvaghna, haripriya, ashvamohak, red = raktaprasav, bhutathari, ganeshakusum | Indian oleander / rose berry | Nerium indicum Mill. / odorum Soland. Apocynaceae |
| karira syn.= karira, nishpatrak, kavira, karira, tikshnakantak, mriduphala, tikshnasarak, suphala, ushtrapriya, apatra, karira saka | caper plant | Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew./ aphylla Roth Capparidaceae |
| karkandhu | jacka jujube | Zizyphus oenoplia (Linn.) Mill. Rhamnaceae |
| karkatashringi syn.= karkatshringi, kulirashringi | crab's claw / gall's | Pistacia chinensia / integerrima Stewart. Anacardiaceae |
| karkati syn.= karkati, lomashi, vyalapatra, ervaru, brihatphala, cinaka | none | Cucumis utilissimus Roxb. & Linn. Cucurbitaceae |
| karmaranga syn.= karmarak, karmar, dharaphala, pitaphala, mudgarphala, mugdarak, karmarang, nagaphala | Chinese gooseberry / Carambola apple | Averrhoa carambola Linn. Oxalidaceae |
| karpasa syn.= karpasa, karpasi, nagnajit, tundi, sarni, cavya, pathya, somavalli, vamani, vishaghni, stanydabija, karpasi | Indian cotton | Gossypium herbaceum Linn. Malvaceae |
| karpasa syn.= karpasa, karpasi, patashula, chandani, vadara, picu | silk cotton tree / Indian tree cotton | Gossypium arboreum Linn. Malvaceae |
| karpura # syn.= karpura, ghanasar, shashank, candra, himavaluka, shila, garu, mimika, sphatik, sphatikopam, bhasma, tarusar, candrabhasma | camphor | Cinnamomum camphora Nees & Eberm. Lauraceae |
| karpuratulasi | camphor basil | Ocimum kilimandscharicum Guerke Lamiaceae |
| kasamarda syn.= kashamarda, rajavriksha, kasaghna, pitapushpaka, dipana, kanak, jaranakala, kartakasaghna, anjan | Negro coffee | Cassia occidentalis Linn. Caesalpiniaceae |
| kasani kasani | endive/chicory | Cichorium intybus Linn. Compositae |
| kaseru syn.= kaseruka, svalpa kanda, brihad raja, kaseruja, kasheruka | none | Scirpus grossus Linn. Cyperaceae |
| kasha syn.= kasha, kash, kandekshu, shvetacamar, ishika, ikshur, sharad, sitpushak, nadeya, darbhapatra, lekhani, sharkara | thatch grass / wild sugarcane | Saccharum spontaneum Linn. Gramineae |
| kasheru syn.= kasheru, gunthakanda, kaseru, kshudramusta, kaseruka, sugandhi, sukanda, gandha kandak, sukareshta, kasheruka, ksiravriksha | water chestnut | Scirpus kysoor / grossus Linn. Cyperaceae |
| kasisa syn.= kasisa, dhatukasisa, khecara, tapta lomasha | iron sulfate | N/A |
| kasturi syn.= harini, gandhi | musk | none |
| kataka syn.= ambuprasad, jalada, cakshushya, nirmali, kata, tiktaphala, rucya, cedaniya, lekhanatmak, dridhaphala, kattha, rucishna, shodhan | clearing nut | Strychnos potatorum Loganiaceae |
| katambhara syn.= katambhara, carushringi, katabhi, trinashaindaka | Indian solanum / yellow-berried nightshade | Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad / surattense Burm. Solanaceae |
| katchu | cocco / cacao | Arum colocasia / antiquorum / Theobroma cacao Linn. Araceae / Sterculiaceae |
| katphala # syn.= katphala, kumuda, kumbha, shriparni, somapadapa, somavalka, mahakumbhi, bhadra, bhadravati, shiva, kardarya | country mallow / yellow barleria | Sida rhombifolia Linn. Malvaceae |
| katphala # syn.= katphala, ramapatri, katphala, somavalka, kumudika, bhadravati, krishngarbha, ugragandha, ranjank, laghu kashmari | box myrtle / bayberry | Myrica nagi Thunb. / sapida / cerifera Myricaceae |
| katphala # katphala | box myrtle | Myrica esculenta/nagi Myricaceae |
| katuka # syn.= katuka, tikta, katurohini, katukarohini, cakrangi, matsyapitta, shataparva, krushnabheda, krushna, aamghni, viprangi, mahaushadhi, carmakasa, dvi tikta, (kutki) | bayberry / wax myrtle | Myrica carifera Myricaceae |
| katuki syn.= kratavedhana, tiktakoshataki | none | Luffa amara Roxb. / plucketiana / foetida Cucurbitaceae |
| katuvira syn.= raktamar²ca | cayenne ` | Capsicum annum Linn. Solanaceae |
| kausumbha syn.= kusumbha, varddhaki, pita, alakta, vastraranjani, kamalottara, kusumba | safflower / parrot seed / wild saffron | Carthamus tinctorius Linn. Compositae |
| kavakava | kava kava | Piper methysticum Piperaceae |
| kayaputi (Hindi) | cajuput tree | Melaleuca leucadendron Linn. / cajuputy / minor Myrtaceae |
| kembuka syn.= kemuk, kembu, supatra, svalpavitap, svadukanda | cabbage | Brassica oleracea Linn. Cruciferae |
| kemuka syn.= kebuka, pushkara, kashmira, kembuka | costus | Costus speciosus Sm. Scitaminaceae |
| kesaram syn.= kunkuma, kumkuma, bahlika | saffron ` | Crocus sativus Linn. Irideae |
| ketaki syn.= ketaki, ketaka, tikshnapushpa, vikala, dhulipushpika, medhya, shivdvishta, nripapriya, dirghapatra, sthirgandha; black - hemaketaki, kanak, karnakhagadalu | screw pine | Pandanus tectorius auct.non Soland. ex Parkinson / odoratissimus Linn.f. Pandanaceae |
| khadira # syn.= khadira, balpatra, kantaki, dantadhavan, kushthari, bahushalya, bahusar, madhya, kushthaghna, irimed | black catechu / cutch tree | Acacia catechu Willd. Mimosoideae |
| khamira | yeast ` | Saccaromyces (produced with Torula s) |
| khanda syn.= kharna, kuna-var, kuna-phok, janusar (indian dialects) | ephedra / ma huang | Ephedra vulgaris Rich. Gnetaceae |
| kharjuri syn.= kharjuri, kharjura, kharaskandha, dushpradharsha, durauha, nihshreni, kashaya, yavaneshta, haripriya, kharjura | wild date, date sugar palm | Phoenix sylvestris Roxb. Palmae |
| khatmi khatmi | marshmallow | Althea officinalis Linn. Malvaceae |
| khor (hindi) | none | Acacia senegal Willd. Mimosaceae |
| khubakalam khubakalam | hedge-mustard | Sisymbrium irio Cruciferae |
| kiratatikta syn.= kiratatikta, kiratikta, kairat, ramsenak, naditikta, jvarantak, nidrani, anaryatikta, katutikta | chireta | Swertia chirata Buch-Ham Gentianaceae |
| kitamari kitamari | wormkiller | Aristolochia bracteata Retz. Aristolochiaceae |
| kodrava | none | Echinochloa frumentacea |
| kodrava # syn.= uddalaka, koradusha | kodo millet | Paspalum scrobiculatum Linn. Poaceae |
| kokilaksha syn.= kokilaksha, ikshuraka, shringali, shrinkhala, ranak, shrigalghanti, vajrasthishrinkhala, vajrakantak, kshurak, vajra, shrinkhalkika, kolistha, avyanda, ikshuvalika | long-leaved barleria | Asteracantha longifiolia Nees / Hygrophila longifolia Acanthaceae |
| koshamra syn.= koshamra, ghanaskandha, vanamra, kshudramra, raktamra, lakshavriksha, suraktak, jatudrima, krumitaru | Ceylon oak | Schleichera trijuga Willd. Sapindaceae |
| koshataki syn.= koshataki, dhamargava, jhingaka, kritachhidra, kritavedhana, sutika, mridanga phalini, koshavati, karkoti, tiktaghotali, jyotsna, katudalini, devadali, rajakoshataki, jalini | ribbed gourd | Luffa acutangulata Linn. Cucurbitaceae |
| krishna jiraka # syn.= krishnajiraka, krishna, bhedini, ruchya, jiraka, sugandha, kanajir, krishnajaji, hridya, kalajirak, krishnajiraka, karavi | caraway ` | Carum carvi Linn. Umbelliferae |
| krishna kamala krishna kamala | passion flower | Passiflora incarnata Passifloraceae |
| krishna siriÃa krishna sirish | none | Mimosa / Albizzia amara Boivin. Mimosaceae |
| krishnabija syn.= krishnabijia, kaladana | morning glory / pharbitis seeds | Ipomoea hederacea auct. non Jacq./ Ipomoea nil (Linn.) Roth Convolvulaceae |
| krishnacandana syn.= krishnacandana, daru-haridrakam, darvi, pita candanak, kaleyaka | black sandalwood / tree turmeric | Coscinium fenestratum Gaertn. & Colebr. Menispermaceae |
| krishnanimba syn.= krishnanimba, kalashaka, kaidarya | curry (leaves) ` | Bergera koenigii (Linn.) Spreng./ Murraya koenigii Rutaceae |
| krishnmlika syn.= krishnamlika, golika | garuga | Garuga pinnata Roxb. Burseraceae |
| kshetra parpata # kshetra parpata | two-flowered Indian madder | Oldenlandia corymbosa Linn. / biflora / herbacea Rubiaceae |
| kshiracampaka syn.= kshiracampaka, shvetacampaka | pogodo tree | Plumeria rubra Linn. / acutifolia Poir. Apocynaceae |
| kshirakakoli syn.= kshirakoli, ksheerakakoli | none | Lilium polyphyllum D. Don Liliaceae |
| kshiravidari kshiravidari | giant potato | Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq./ paniculata R. Br. Convolvulaceae |
| kshudrapanasa syn.= kshudrapanasa | bread fruit | Artocarpus communis Forst. / incisus Linn. f. Moraceae |
| kshudrashimbi syn.= kshudrashimbi, gorakshaphalini | cluster bean / field vetch | Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Taub./ psoralioides DC. Papilionaceae |
| kubjaka syn.= kubjaka, bhadra taruni, brihat pushpa, mahasaha, shatapatri, taruni, karnika carukeshara | musk-scented rose | Rosa moschata Mill / pubescens / glandulifera Rosaceae |
| kukundara syn.= kukurunda, tamracuda, sukshmapatra, mriduchada, kukudru, kukurbandha, kukurunda | none | Blumea lacera DC. Compositae |
| kulattha syn.= khalakula, kulastha, lulatha, kulittha, tamrabija, shvetabija, kulali, vanaja, urvara, sthirmudra, aliskandha, kakavrinta | horse gram | Dolichos biflorus Linn. / Vigna unquiculata Papilionaceae |
| kumari syn.= kumari, kanyasara, ghritakumari, gruhakanya, dirhapatrika, ajara, vira, taruni, rama, kapila, sthaldala, mata, mandala, akshayakaraka, atipittala | aloe vera | Aloe vera Linn. / barbadensis Liliaceae |
| kumbhi kumbhi | none | Careya arborea Roxb. Myrtaceae / Barringtoniaceae |
| kumbhika syn.= kumbhika, variparni, varimuli, jalakumbhi | tropical duck weed | Pistia stratiotus Linn. Araceae |
| kumuda syn.= kalhar, karavira, hyamar, ashvamar, vajimar, mahamir, hayaghna, shatakunda, ashvarodhak, ashvaghna, haripriya, ashvamohak, yavanala, devadhanya, juhvoli, juhvala, anala, red = raktaprasav, bhutathari, ganeshakusum, nilotpala | water-lily | Nymphaea stellata / Euryale ferox Nymphaeaceae |
| kumudam | Indian water-lily | Nymphaea nouchali Burm.F. Nymphaeaceae |
| kunda | downy jasmine | Jasminum multiflorum (Burm.f.) Andr./ pubescens Willd. Oleaceae |
| kunda syn.= suran, arshoghna, kanda, kandarha, suvritta, vatari, kandasuran, sthulkandak, tivrakandak, rucyakandak | telgu potato | Amorphophallus campanulatus Blume Aroidaceae |
| kupilu syn.= kupilu, ashvashakhota | none | Glycosmis arborea (Roxb.) DC. Rutaceae |
| kupilu syn.= kupilu, kuchala, karaskara, vishatinduka, kunchvriksha, kakatinduka, kalapilu, kulaka, markatatinduka, vishmushti, | Nuxvomica | Strychnos nuxvomica Linn. Loganiaceae |
| kurandika syn.= kurandika, agni-garba, agni-garva | blistering ammania | Ammania baccifera Linn. ssp. Baccifera Lythraceae |
| kurantaka syn.= saireyaka, artagala, sahacara, kurataka | none | Barleria prionitis Linn. Acanthaceae |
| kusha syn.= kusha, sucyagra, rhasvakush, brahmapavitra, tikshna, sucimuka, vahniputatrina, mridudarbha, kutha, darbha | sacrificial grass | Desmostachya bipinnata Staff. Gramineae |
| kushmanda syn.= kushmanda, karkotika, kushmandi, suphala, kumbhaphala, kshirhala, kushmandaki, karkati, mahaphala, pushpaphala, pitpushpa, valliphala, somaka | white pumpkin / melon | Benincasa hispida Cogn. / cerifera Cucurbitaceae |
| kushtha # syn.= kushtha, yapya, brahmatirtha, pushkarasya, shvasari, padmatirtha, pushkarsagar, shulahara, punyasagar, gada | kuth root / costus | Saussurea lappa Clarke Compositae |
| kutaja syn.= kutaja, shakra, vatsaka, girimallika, pravishya, shakrapadaka, varatika, yavaphala, mahagandha, koti, shambhuruha, aindrayava, aindra phala, kalinga, kautaja, shakrahva, puruhuta, bhadrayava, indrayava, indravriksha | conessi bark / tellicherry bark / kurchi | Holarrhena antidysenterica (white) Wall. Apocynaceae |
| kutira syn.= kutira, laghu lonika, lonika, upadyki, kutinjara, jivalonika | none | Portulaca quadrifida Linn. Portulacaceae |
| laghu patha # syn.= patha, ambashtha, ambashtaki, pracchina, shreyasi, ekashthila, dipani, varatiktata, tiktapushpa, devi, atisaranashani, kuvela | velvet leaf | Cissampelos pareira Linn. Menispermaceae |
| lajjalu syn.= lajjalu, lakshmana, alambusha | none | Biophytum sensitivum DC. Geraniaceae |
| lajjalu # syn.= lajjalu, shamipatra, samanga, anjalikarika, namaskari, sparsharodanika | sensitive plant | Mimosa pudica Linn. Leguminosae |
| lakshmana lakshmana | none | Ipomoea sepiaria Roxb. / acut.non (Linn.f.) Sweet Convolvulaceae |
| lakuca syn.= lakuca, kshudra panata, nikuca, granthimat phala, lakucha | none | Artocarpus lakoocha Urticaceae |
| lakuca # | wild jack | Artocarpus hirsutus Lam. Moraceae |
| lal-bahamana (bengali) | blood-veined sage | Salvia haematodes W. Labiatae |
| lamajjaka | none | Andropogon iwarancusa Roxb. / laniger Gramineae |
| lamajjaka syn.= lamajjaka, jaladhara, dirghamula, jalashaya, ishtakapathaka, shighra, amrinala, sunalaka, ushira bheda | none | Cymbopogon jwarancusa Gramineae |
| lashuna syn.= lashuna, rason, arishta, yavaneshta, mahaushadha, bhutaghna, ugragandha, amlakani, rasayanavara, jugupsita | garlic ` | Allum sativum Linn. Liliaceae |
| latakaranja syn.= puti karanj, lata karanj, ghrit karanj, kantaki karanj, kuberaksha, prakirya, shakra, virasya, najrabijaka | bonducella nut / fever nut | Caesalpinia crista Linn. / bonducella Flem. / bonduc Caesalpiniaceae |
| latakasturikam syn.= gandapura, zatakasturika | musk mallow | Hibiscus abelmoschus Linn./ Abelmoschus moschatus Medikus Malvaceae |
| lauha bhasma syn.= iron: loha, shasira, ayas, kushtha, vyanga, paravata, ghana | ash, iron | Ferrum |
| lavana, krishna / vida | salt, black ` | Sodium chloride |
| lavana, saindhava | salt, rock ` | Sodium chloride / impure salt |
| lavana, samudra | salt, sea ` | Sodia muras |
| lavana, vanaspat (sajjikshar) | salt, plant / fossil ` | Potassium nitre |
| lavana, yavakshar | salt, seed or grain ` | Sodium chloride |
| lavanga syn.= lavang, devkusum, candanpushpa, shri, varij, shekhar, tikshnapushpa, divyagandha, jalaji, grahanihar | clove ` | Syzygium aromaticum Merr perry. / Myrtus caryophyllus Myrtaceae |
| likkata | hill-mango | Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari / Protium caudatum W&A Burseraceae |
| lingini lingini | none | Diplocyclos palmatus Leffrey / Bryonia laciniosa Linn. Cucurbitaceae |
| lodhra # | chunga | Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour>) Moore ssp. Laurina Nooteboom Symplocaceae |
| lodhra # syn.= shabar, galav, lodhraka, hema, shabari, tilvaktaru, akshi bhesaja | lodh tree | Symplocos racemosa Roxb. Styraceae |
| madala aralu # syn.= mahanimba, atarusha, aralu | none | Ailantus excelsa Roxb. Simaroubaceae |
| madana phala syn.= madana, pindi, shalyak, vishapushpaka, ratha, nut, pinditaka, harnya, ghantakhya, bastishodhana, granthiphala, golaphala, vishamushkaka, gala, karaghata | emetic nut | Randia dumetorum Lam. / Xeromphis spinosa Rubiaceae |
| madhavi syn.= madhavi, madhabi, madhavipuspa, muktaka, atimuktaka, karmukta | clustered hiptage | Hiptage benghalensis (Linn.) Kurz / madablota Gaertn. Malpighiaceae |
| madhu karkatika | true sweet lime | Citrus limetta W&A. Rutaceae |
| madhuka syn.= madhuk, tikshnasar | Indian butter tree South Indian mahua | Madhuca longifolia Linn. / Bassia longifulia Sapotaceae |
| madhuka syn.= madhuka, tikshna, sara, gudapushpaka, golaphala, madhushthila, madhu koshthi, madhu druma | none | Madhuca indica |
| madhukarkai syn.= madhukarkati, madhukarkatika, svadulungi, ghantalika, ghata | none | Citrus maxima Rutaceae |
| madhushigru madhushrigru | none | Moringa concanensis Moringaceae |
| madhvalu madhvalu | none (variety of yam) | Dioscorea esculenta Dioscoriaceae |
| madiasaka syn.= garbijaur, menda (hindi) | none | Litsea glutinosa C. B. Robins Lauraceae |
| mahabala syn.= mahabala, jyesthabala, katambhara, kesarika, kesharuha, sahadevi, prasarani, pitapushpi, vatyayani, chiraphushpi, prasadani | none | Sida humilis Willd./ acuta / shinosa ? Malvaceae |
| mahameda syn.= mahameda, meda | Solomon's seal | Polygonatum verticillatum (Linn.) All. Liliaceae |
| mahanimba syn.= pishachavraksa | none | Ailantus malabarica DC. Xanthoxylaceae |
| mahashatavari syn.= mahashatavari, shatavari, urdhvkantha, pivari, dhivari, vari, abhhhirul, bahupatra, mahapurushadantika | none | Asparagus sarmentosus Willd. Liliaceae |
| makaya syn.= makaya, mahakaya | corn / Indian corn / maize | Zea mays Linn. Poaceae |
| makushtha syn.= makushtha, makushthaka | kidney beans / tapery beans | Phaseolus aconitifolius Jacq. Papilionaceae |
| malayavach syn.= mahabharivaca, kulaj, gandhamula, kulanjan, gandhabija, ugragandha, sugandha, mahabhairavach, malayavaca | java glangal | Alpinia galanga Willd. / calcarata Scitaminaceae |
| mallika syn.= mallika, varshiki, vaarshiki | Arabian jasmine, Tuscan jasmine | Jasminum sambac Ait. Oleaceae |
| mamsarohini syn.= mamsarohini, atiruha, vritta, praharvalli, vikasha, kasha, mansarakta, pishitrohini, agniruha | none | Soymida febrifuga Adr. Juss. Meliaceae |
| mandukaparni syn.= mandukaparni, madhukaparni, manduki, ekuparni, brahmamanduki | Indian pennywort / gotu kola | Centella / Hydrocotyle asiatica Linn. Umbelliferae |
| mandura syn.= syn.= iron: loha, shasira, ayas, kushtha, vyanga, paravata, ghana | iron oxide | N/A |
| manjishtha syn.= manjishtha, manjishtham, harini, rakta, gauri, rohini, vijaya, manjusha, jvarahantri, chadma, ragangi, rasayani, tamramula, bhandi, lohita yashtika | Indian madder | Rubia cordifolia Linn. Rubiaceae |
| manka syn.= manakanda, manak mahapatra, dirghadal, mahacchada, mahatpatra, pankanca | great-leaved caladium / giant taro | Alocasia macrorrhiza / indica Schott Aroidaceae |
| marchuba (hindi) | asparagus | Asparagus officinalis Linn. Liliaceae |
| marica syn.= maricha, palita, shyam, kol, yavaneshta, vrittaphala, shakanga, kaatuka, krishna, krimihara | pepper, black ` | Piper nigrum Linn. Piperaceae |
| marisha syn.= marisha, marshika | none | Amarantus tristis/tricolor Linn. Amarantaceae |
| markandika # syn.= svarnapatri, markandi | India or tinnevelly senna | Cassia angustifolia Wahl./ senna Linn. Caesalpiniaceae |
| marubaka | basil | Ocimum caryophyllatum Roxb. Labiatae |
| maryadavalli syn.= maryadavalli, sagaramekhala,bastranti, chagalantri, vriddhadaru | goat's food creeper | Ipomoea perscaprae (Linn.) R.Br. / biloba Forssk. Convolvulaceae |
| masaparni masaparni | wild black gram | Vigna radiata Wilczek (var. sublota Roxb. Verdc.) / Phaseolus sublobatus Fabaceae |
| mashaparni 1 syn.= mashaparni, masha parui, krishnavrinta, kamboji, hayapucchika, mamsamasha, simhamukhi, svadumasha, mahasaha | none | Teramnus labialis Spreng. Papilionaceae |
| mashaparni 2 syn.= mashaparni, krishnavrinta, kamboji, hayapucchika, mansamasha, sinhamukhi | green gram / black gram | Phaseolus mungo Linn. / Vigna mungo Hepper Leguminosae |
| masura syn.= masura bheda, masurika, mandukaparni | lentils | Lens esculenta Moench. / culinaris Medikus Papilionaceae / Fabaceae |
| matsyakshi syn.= matsyakshi, balika, matsyagandhi, matsyadani | none | Enhydra fluctuans Lour. Compositae |
| matsyakshi syn.= matsyakshi, patturah, nadikalaya | none | Alternanthera sessilis R. Br. Ex DC. Amarantaceae |
| mayaphala syn.= mayaphala, mayiphala, cidraphala, mayika, mayi | gall oak | Quercus infectoria Oliv. Cupuliferae |
| mayurashikha syn.= mayurashikha, morpankhi | peacock's tail | Actinopteris dichotoma Bedd. Polypodiaceae |
| mayurashikha syn.= mayurshikha, mayurashikha, madhuchchada | none | Adiantum caudatum Linn. Polypodiaceae |
| meda meda | none | Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle |
| medasaka syn.= medasaka, karkameda, medalakadi, medalakavi, meda | none | Litsea chinensis Lam. Lauraceae |
| medhika syn.= methika, methini, dipani, gandhaphala, vallari, amnthya, mishrapushpa, kairavi, pitbija | fenugreek ` | Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. Papilionaceae |
| mendhi syn.= mendika, raktagarba, kuravaka, madayantika, madanaka | henna (Persian red) Egyptian priven | Lawsonia alba Lam. / inermis Linn. Lythraceae |
| mishamitika syn.= mamira, pitmula | gold thread | Coptis teeta Wall. Ranunculaceae |
| mishreya # syn.= mishreya, shatavha, shatapushpa, mishi, suvakpushpi, madhavi, karavi, bahula, suganda, chatra | Indian dill (kind of fenugreek) | Anethum sowa Kurz. / graveolens Linn. /Peucedanum graveolens Linn. Umbelliferae |
| mocarasa syn.= mocaka, shalmaliveshtaka, mocanirtyasaka, piccha, mocarsrava, veshtaka | none | Salmalia malabarica |
| mohri (dialect) | India napellus | Aconitum chasmanthum Stapf. Ranunculaceae |
| moti bhasma syn.= pearl: mauktika, taulika, muktaphala, mukta, shuktija | ash, pearl | Mytilus margaritiferus |
| moti pishti syn.= pearl: mauktika, taulika, muktaphala, mukta, shuktija | powder, pearl | Mytilus margaritiferus |
| mridukuncika syn.= mridukuncika, cirapotha | country gooseberry | Physalis minima Linn. Solanaceae |
| mucakunda syn.= kshatravriksha, citrak, prativishnuk, bahupatra, supushpa, adhyarhi, lakshmanav, raktaprasav, vasu | none | Pterospermum suberifolium Lam./ canescens Roxb. Sterculiaceae |
| mucukunda syn.= kshetravriddha, ciguka, prativishnuka, karnikara | none | Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. Sterculiaceae |
| mudga | green gram / golden gram | Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek / Phaseolus radiatus Linn. etc Fabaceae |
| mudgaparni 2 syn.= mudgaparni, kshudrasaha, suryaparni, kurangini, vanaja, shimbi, sinhi, marjargandhika, vanamudgam | wild bean | Phaseolus trilobus Leguminosae |
| mudgaparni 1 mudgaparni | none | Vigna pilosa Baker / Dolichos pilosus Roxb. Fabaceae |
| mukulaka syn.= mukulaka, raktamra, lakshavriksha, koshamra | Ceylon oak / lac tree / Macassar tree Sapindacea | Schleichera oleosa Oken / trijuga Willd. Sapindaceae |
| mulaka syn.= mulaka, mulahva, kandamula, hastidanta, karitparna, rucir, tikshna, mishra, vyaktirasa | radish | Raphanus sativus Linn. Cruciferae |
| mulini syn.= mulini, gandhana | vomiting swallow wort | Asclepias asthmatica Asclepiadaceae |
| munditika syn.= mundi, shravani, brahmicarini, kulahala | East Indian globe thistle | Sphaeranthus indicus Linn./ hirtus Willd. Compositae / Asteraceae |
| munja syn.= munja, kshura, sthula darbha, banahva, brahma mekhala | devil sugarcane / reedy sugarcane | Saccharum / Erianthus arundinaceum Retz. Gramineae |
| munjatika munjatika | marsh orchid / salep | Orchis latifolia Linn. Orchidaceae |
| mura syn.= mura, gandhavati, daitya, gandhadhya, surabhi, katu | none | Selinum tenuifolium |
| murad (hindi) | myrtle | Myrtus communis Linn. Myrtaceae |
| murva syn.= murva, devi, madhurasa, devashreni, madhusrava, snigdhaparni, muruva, prithakparni, morati, piluparnika | none | Sansevieria zeylanica / roxburghiana Schult. Haemodoraceae |
| murva syn.= murva, madhusrava, madhurasa | none | Marsdenia tenacissima Wight. & Am. Asclepiadaceae |
| murva # syn.= laghukarni, madhurasa, devi, tejani, triparni, tikta, dahani, gopvalli, dudhuda | bowstring hemp | Clematis triloba Heyne. Ranunculaceae |
| murva # syn.= murva, morata | none | Chonemorpha fragrans/macrophylla (Moon) Alston / (Roxb.) (G.Don) Apocynaceae |
| musali syn.= musali, khalani, kanchanpushpika, mahaviksha, vriksha kanda, kharjuri, talamulika, balini, talapatri | none | Chlorophytum tuberosum Baker Liliaceae |
| mushka # syn.= mushka, mokshakaka, ghunti, shikhari, kshudra patala, ksharashreshtha, mokshaka, kalamushkaka | weaver's beam tree | Schrebera swietenioides Roxb. Oleaceae |
| musli # syn.= mushali, shveta, musali, mushali, dholi | none | Asparagus adscendens Roxb. Liliaceae |
| musta # syn.= mustak, jalada, nagarmusta, ghan, shishira, bhadra, gudagranthi, sugandhi, hima, balahak, varid, gundra,bhadramusta, kurubilva, ambuda | nut grass | Cyperus rotundus Linn. Cyperaceae |
| mustaka | Indian Cyperus | Cyperus pertenuis / C. hexastachyus Cyperaceae |
| nadinishpava nadinishpava | none | Cylista scariosa Roxb. Papilionaceae |
| nagabala 2 syn.= nagabala, gangeruki, vishvedeva, gavedhuka, khar-yashtika | prickly sida | Sida spinosa Linn./ alba / alinifolia Malvaceae |
| nagabala 1 syn.= nagabala, bhumibala | none | Sida cordata Borssum / veronicaefolia Lam. Malvaceae |
| nagabala # syn.= nagabala, mahabala, kharagandha, catuhphala, mahoday, mahapatra, arishta, devadanda, gengeruki, khandari, shasha | Gulsakri | Grewia hirsuta Vahl Tiliaceae |
| nagadamni syn.= damanak, danta, muni, pundarik, brahmajata, jatil, pavitrak, dani, vinit, devshekhar, tapasviputra | Indian wormwood / fleabane / mugwort | Artemisia vulgaris Linn./ nilagirica Pamp. Compositae |
| nagadanti syn.= bhutamkusam, bhuthala bhairi, naga hva, naga hvaya | none | Croton oblongifolius Roxb. Euphorbiaceae |
| nagajihva syn.= nagajihva, mamajjaka, nahi | none | Enicostemma axillare Gentianaceae |
| nagakeshara # syn.= nagakeshara, kinjalka, campeya, nagakinjalka, kancan, suvarna, rukma, nagapushpa, ahipushpa, mahapushpa, hemahpushpaka, gaja, hema, nagakesara | iron wood tree, cobra's saffron | Mesua ferrea Linn./ nagassarium (Kosterm.) Guttiferae / Clusiaceae |
| nagamalli syn.= nagamalli, madhumadavi, navakallika | tree jasmine | Jasminum arborescens Roxb. Oleaceae |
| nala # | none | Lobelia nicotianaefolia Heyne. ex Roth Lobeliaceae |
| nala # syn.= nada, kushirandhra, kichak, vanshavar, dhaman, vibhishan, chidranta, mrudupatra, randhrapatra | reed | Arundo donax Linn. Gramineae ? |
| nandivriksha syn.= nandivriksha, ashvattha bheda, prarohi, gajapadapa, tuna | red cedar / Indian mahogany tree | Toona ciliate Roem. / Cedrela toona Roxb. Meliaceae |
| nandivriksha # nandivriksha | Indian rosebay | Tabernaemontana divaricata R.Br.ex Roem. & Schultes / coronaria Br. Apocynaceae |
| narangi syn.= narangi, naranga, nagaranga, goraksha, yoga sagara, airavataphala | loose-skinned orange | Citrus reticulata Rutaceae |
| nikumba | none | Jathropha glandulifera Roxb. Euphorbiaceae |
| nikunjika nikunjika | none | Acacia caesia Willd./ intsia Mimosaceae |
| nil² syn.= nili, nila, nilini, tutya, radni, kalika, shyama, shodhani, gramya, nilkeshi, truni, anjanaki, klitanaka | true indigo / Dyer's indigo / Indian indigo | Indigofera tinctoria Linn. Papilionaceae |
| nilaniryasa syn.= nilaniryasa, tailparna | blue gum eucalyptus / Australian fever tree | Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Myrtaceae |
| nilvall² syn.= nilavalli, vallishakhota | none | Uvaria narum (dunal) Wall.ex. Wight /Unona narum Dun. Annonaceae |
| nimba syn.= neem, pichumarda, hinguniryas, sarvatobhadra, shita, pitasaraka, arishta, arishtaphala, jeshtamalaka, yavanaeshta, neta, shukpriya, subhadra, krimighna | Indian lilac / margosa tree | Azidiracta indica A Juss. Meliaceae |
| nimbu | citric acid | N/A |
| nimbu syn.= nimbuka | common orange / sweet or Chinese orange | Citrus aurantium Linn. Rutaceae |
| nimbuka syn.= nimbuka, amlajambira, vahni, dipya, shodhana, vahnibija, amlasara, dantaghata, rocana, jantumari, rajinimbuka (not mentioned in ancient texts) | lime | Citrus acida / bergamia Ris et. Poi Rutaceae |
| nirgundi # syn.= nirgundi, nirgudi, sinduvarak, shephali, suvaha, bhutkeshi, nilsinduk, pushpanilak, shitbhiru, vanak | five-leaved chaste tree | Vitex negundo Linn. Verbenaceae |
| nirvimsha syn.= nirvamsha, nirvisha, upavisha, vishaha, vishahantrika, vivisha, vishabhava, avisha, vishavairini | none | Delphinium denudatum Wall. ex Hook Ranunculaceae |
| nityakalyani nityakalyani | Madagascar periwinkle | Catharanthus roseus G.Don. / Vinca rosea Linn. Apocynaceae |
| nivara nivara | Bengal wild rice | Hygroryza aristata (Retz.) Nees ex. W&A / Pharus aristatus Retz. Poaceae |
| nrityakundala # syn.= nrityakundala, narttaka, ragi, soma, rajika, krishna | finger millet / Indian millet | Eleusine coracana (Linn.) Gaertn. / Cynosurus coracanus Linn. Poaceae |
| nubarse (Ben.) | country goose berry | Averrhoa acida Oxalidaceae |
| padma syn.=kamalam, pathoj, kamal, padma, nalin, ambhoj, salilaja, aravinda, mahotpala, rajiv, sarasija | sacred lotus / Indian lotus / Chinese lotus | Nelumbo nucifera Druce Nymphaeaceae |
| padmacarini padmarcarini | none | Nervilia aragoana Gaud./ Pogonia flabelliformis Lindl. Orchidaceae |
| padmaka | bird cherry / wild cherry | Prunus puddum Roxb. ex Wall. / cerasoides D.Don Rosaceae |
| palakya | iris sp. | Bergenia ligulata Engl. / Saxifraga ligulata Wall./ Rotula aquatica Lour. Saxifragaceae |
| palakya syn.= palakya, vastukakara, churika, ciritacchada | beet | Beta vulgaris Linn. Chenopodiaceae |
| palandu palandu | onion | Allium cepa Linn. Liliaceae |
| palasha # syn.= palasha, kimshuka, raktapushpaka, ksharashreshtha, brahmvriksha, samidvara, triparna, vakrapushpa, trivrinta | bastard teak | Butea monosperma Kuntze frondosa Koem ex. Roxb Leguminosae |
| panasa | Indian jack tree | Artocarpus integrifolia Linn. / heterophyllus Urticaceae |
| panduraphali syn.= panduraphali, bhuriphali | trumpet flower tree / yellow snake tree | Stereospermum suaveolens / colais Ham. ex. Dillw. Bignoniaceae |
| papadkhar | mineral salts | N/A |
| paphana paphana | morinda tree | Morinda pubescens J.E. Smith |
| paranti paranti | spinach | Spinacia oleracea Linn./ setrandra / spinosa Chenopodiaceae |
| parasika yavan² syn.= parasik yavani, khurasani yavani, yavahva, yavanika, parasik yavani, tivra, turuska, madakari | jungle geranium / sacred ixora | Ixora coccinea Linn. Rubiaceae |
| paribhadra paribhadra | henbane / black henbane | Hyocyamus reticulatus Linn. / niger Solanaceae |
| paribhadra syn.= mimbataru, mandalia, parijataka, palitmandar | Indian coral tree / Moochy wood tree | Erythrina indica Lam. Papilionaceae |
| parijata syn.= sephalika, rajanikasa | night jasmine weeping nyctanthes | Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Oleaceae |
| parijata syn.= parijata, shephalika | Indian coral tree | Erythrina indica Lam. / variegata Linn. Fabaceae |
| paripela syn.= paripela, plava, vanya, shukahva, paripelaka | night jasmine / coral jasmine | Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Oleaceae |
| paris # syn.= phalish, kapichudha, kapitana, pushpashvattha, nandi vriksha | portia tree, tulip tree | Thespesia populnea Corr. Malvaceae |
| parnabija parnabija | none | Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. Bryophyllum calycinum Salisb. Crassulaceae |
| parnayavani syn.= parnayavani, karpurvalli, pashanbhedi | country borage / Indian borage | Coleus amboinicus Benth./ Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. Labiatae |
| parpata # syn.= parpata, carak, renu, trishnari, kharak, varmakantak, pittari, kavaca, varatikta, varak, atisaraha | common fumitory | Fumaria indica Pungsley / parviflora / vaillantii Fumariaceae |
| parpata # syn.= parpata, parpataka | none | Hedyotis / Oldenlandia corymbosa (Linn.) Lam. Rubiaceae |
| parushaka parushaka | small wild date palm | Phoenix pusilla Gaertn. Arecaceae |
| parushaka syn.= parushaka, parushak, nilparna, giripilu, alpagasthi, atimandal, roshan, dhanvancchada, parimandal, dharmana, parusha | none | Grewia asiatica Linn. Tiliaceae |
| pashanabheda # pashanabheda | pata root | Cyclea peltata (Lam) Hook.f.& Thomas. Menispermaceae |
| patal garudi syn.= patha, ambastha, viddhakarni, sthapani, rasa, ekashthila, papveli, pracina | velvet leaf, parrot root | Cocculus hirsutus (Linn.) Diels Menispermaceae |
| patala # syn.= patala, krishnavrinta, madhuduti, allivallabha, tamraphushpi, kuberakshi, amogha | none | Ficus microcarpa Linn.f. Moraceae |
| patha # patha | spinous fluggea | Securinega leucopyrus (Willd.) Muell-Arg. Euphorbiaceae |
| patola syn.= patola, patol, tikta, rajiphal, rajey, kushtha, amritphal, kasbhanjan, katuphala, nagamrit, kasamardan, kushthaghni | wild snake gourd | Trichosanthes dioica / lobata Roxb. Cucurbitaceae |
| patrangah syn.= patranga, patranga, patanga, pattaranjaka, pattanga, ruktamukta | sappan wood / Brazil wood | Caesalpinia sappan Linn. Caesalpiniaceae |
| patva (Hindi) | Rozelle hemp / red sorrel | Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. Malvaceae |
| paushkaram syn.= paushkaram, pushkaram | none | Inula racemosa Hook.f. Asteraceae |
| peruka | guava / common guava | Psidium guajava Linn. Myrtaceae |
| phala-kantaka # syn.= kurutaka, uttamarani, vrishcikali uttamarani | none | Daemia extensa R. Br./ Asclepias echinata / Pergularia daemia Chiov. Asclepiadaceae |
| phanya syn.= grishmasundara, parpataka | none | Mollugo cerviana Ser. Ficoidaceae |
| phoga syn.= phoga, marudbhava, shringi, sukshma, pushpa, shashadana | none | Calligonum polygonoides Linn. |
| phudina syn.= gamathi phudra | peppermint ` | Mentha piperita Linn. Labiatae |
| pilu syn.= pilu, shatasahasrami, tikshna, karabhapriya, sahasrangi, gudaphala | none | Salvadora oleoides Dene. Salvadoraceae |
| pilu # | tooth brush tree / salt bush | Salvadora persica Linn. Salvadoraceae |
| pindalu syn.= pindalu, raktalu | sweet potato | Ipomoea batatas (Linn.) Lam. Convolvulaceae |
| pindara syn.= pindara, karahata, tikshnakala, kurangaka | none | Gardenia turgida Roxb. Rubiaceae |
| pippali # syn.= pippali, magadhi, krishna, vaidehi, capala, kana, ushna, upkulya, krikara, katubija, korangi | pepper, indian long ` | Piper longum Linn. Piperaceae |
| pippali mula # syn. = pippali mula | pepper, indian long | Piper longum Linn. Piperaceae |
| pishac karpas # | devil's cotton | Abroma augusta Linn. Sterculiaceae |
| pita loha syn.= kapila | bronze variety | N/A |
| pitabhringaraja syn.= pitabhringaraja, pitabhringa | none | Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merrill / calendulacea Less. Asteraceae |
| plaksha syn.= plaksha, jati, parkati, pakativriksha, pakar | wave leafed fig tree | Ficus lacor Ham. Urticaceae |
| plaksha syn.= plaksha, kapitana, parisha | none | Ficus arnottiana Miq. Moraceae/Urticaceae |
| potaki syn.= potaki, potaka, matsya, kali, sutungika, putika, vashalakkirai, shivappu, vashalakkirai | Indian spinach | Basella rubra Linn. Chenopodiaceae |
| pracinamalak² syn.= pracinamalaki, praci, nagara, raktaka | none | Flacourtia jangomas Flacourtiaceae |
| prajamoda | parsley ` | Petroselinum crispum Umbelliferae |
| prasarani prasarani | none | Merremia tridentata Hallier / Ipomoea tridentata (Linn.) Roth Convolvulaceae |
| pratanika pratanika | none | Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) Sleasen Lamiaceae |
| praval pishti/bhasma syn.= coral: syn.= pearl: mauktika, taulika, muktaphala, mukta, shuktija | red coral- powder or ash | Corallium rubrum |
| pravala syn.= coral: pravala, vidruma, sindhu, latagra, raktasvarnaka | coral | none |
| prishnaparni plaksha | none | Uraria picta Desv. / logopoides DC Papilionaceae |
| prishnaparni # syn.= prishnaparni, prishniparni, kalashi, dhamani, mekhala, shrigali, dirghaparni, kroshthukmekhala, upacitra, snigdhaparni, vedavahni, guha | Cyprus | Cyperus sp. Cyperaceae |
| priyala syn.= priyala, kharaskandh, bahalvalkal, snehabij, lalan, tapaspriya, caroli, ciraunji, karaka | cuddapa almond | Buchanania lanzan Spreng. / latifolia Anacardiaceae |
| priyangu syn.= priyangu, phalini, shyama, kantahva, mandani, lata | foxtail millet / Italian millet Poaceae | Setaria italica Beauv. Gramineae |
| priyangu # syn.= phalini, parnabhedini, pita, mangalaya, shreyasi, varnabhedini, gandhaphali, striphali, lata | none | Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl. Verbenaceae |
| pudina syn.= puthea, | corn mint ` | Mentha arvensis Linn. Labiatae |
| puga syn.= puga, kramuka | areca nut | Areca catechu Linn. Palmae |
| pulika pulika | none | Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Euphorbiaceae |
| punarnava # syn.= punarnava, vishakh, kshudrapatra, raktavrintak | spreading hogweed | Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. / repens Nyctaginaceae |
| punarnava rakta syn.= punarnava, raktavarsha, shophaghni, raktapushpika, piksvara, vushaghni, pravrishenya, sarini | hog weed | Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. Nyctaginaceae |
| punnaga syn.= punnaga, purusha, rakta vriksha, devavallabh, surapanika, sugandhipushpa, surapati, campak | Alexandrian laurel / pannay tree | Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. Guttiferae |
| pushkaramula # syn.= pushkaramula, pushkara, kaimavati, shvetavaca, kashmir, kushthabheda, kasari, shvasari, shulahara, sugandhika | elecampane orris root | Inula helenium Linn. / Iris florentina Compositae |
| puti syn.= puti, khatika, | chalk | Calcii carbonas |
| putidaru syn.= putidaru, vitkhadira | poon tree / wild almond | Sterculia foetida Linn. Sterculiaceae |
| putiha syn.= putiha, rocani phudino, | spearmint ` | Mentha spicia (spicate) / viridis / sylvestris Linn. Labiatae |
| putrada syn.= lakshamana, raktavindu | mandrake / devil's apples | Mandragora officinalum Linn. Solanaceae |
| putranjivaka syn.= putranjivaka, pavitra, garbhad, sutajivak, kutajiva, apatyajiva, siddhid, arthasadhak, garbhakar | none | Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. / Drypetes roxburghii Wall. Euphorbiaceae |
| rajadana syn.=rajadana, rajadani | cow pea | Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp. (ssp. cylindrica Eselt.) / sinensis / catjang Fabaceae |
| rajadani | none | Mimusops hexandra Roxb. / indica Sapotaceae |
| rajamari | bloodwort / yarrow ? | Achillea millifolia Linn Compositae |
| rajamasha rajamasha | none | Malaxis muscifera (Lindley) Kuntze ? Microstylis muscifera Ridley Orchidaceae |
| rajamasha syn.= rajamasha, mahamasha, cavala | none | Habenaria edgeworthii Hook.f. ex Collett Orchidaceae |
| rajika syn.= asuri, raktika, rajkshavak, krishnvarnak, siddarthak | brown mustard / Indian mustard | Brassica juncea Linn. Cruciferae |
| rajika syn.= rajasarsapa | black mustard ` | Sinapus juncea / nigra / ramosa cunefolia / rugosa Cruciferae |
| raktacandana | red sandalwood | Pterocarpus santalinus Linn Papilionaceae |
| raktamaci syn.= raktamaci | tomato | Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. / lycopersicum (Linn.) Karsten Solanaceae |
| raktaniryasa syn.= raktaniryasha, raktaniryas | dragon's blood | Daemenorops draco Blume Palmae |
| raktapamarga raktapamarga | small prickly chaff-flower plant | Cyathula prostrata (Linn.) Blume / Desmochaeta prostrata Linn. Amarantaceae |
| raktavalli | red creeper | Ventilago madraspatana Gaertn. Rhamnaceae |
| ramphala | true custard apple / bull's heart | Annona reticulata Linn. Annonaceae |
| ramtil syn.= kala-til | niger seed, Kersani seed | Guizohia abyssynica Cass. Compositae |
| ranga syn.= tin: vanga, rangaka, tiraka, trapu, karati, ghana | ash, tin | Stannum |
| rasa syn.= mercury: parada, capala, hemanidhi, suta, rasottama, trinetra, rashona, svami, harabija, prabhu, rasendra, rasaloha, maharasa | mercury | N/A |
| rasna # | none | Vanda roxburghii R Br. Orchidaceae |
| renuka # syn.= renuka, kapila, kaunti, pandu patri, harenuka | none | Vitex agnus-castus Verbenaceae |
| rohisha syn.= rohisha, rohitak, rohit, kushalmali, sadaprasun, kutashalmali, virocan, shalmalik, dadimpushpak, dhyamaka | lemon grass/ginger grass ` | Cymbopogon martini / schoenanthus Linn. Bignoniaceae |
| rohitaka # syn.= rohitak, rohit, kushalmali, sadaprasun, kutashalmali, virocan, shalmalik, dadimpushpak | none | Tecomella undulata Bignoniaceae |
| rohitka # rohitaka | rohituka tree | Aphanamixis polystachya Parker / Amoora rohituka W&A Meliaceae |
| r-riddhi riddhi | none | Vigna cylindrica Papilionaceae |
| r-rishabhaka rishibhaka | obtuse-leafed mimusops | Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard / Mimusoops hexandra Roxb. Sapotaceae |
| rudantika # syn.= rudantika, rudanti | none | Cressa cretica Linn. Convolvulaceae |
| rudraksha rudraksha | utrasum-bead tree | Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum./ E. ganitrus Roxb. Elaeocarpaceae |
| rumamastaki syn.= rumimastagi, mastagi, alakrimi, kundarrumi, jalakumbhu, hatha, khamulika, variparni, kumbhika, varimuli | mastiche tree | Pistacia lentiscus Linn. Anacardiaceae |
| sadapaha syn.= somalata | four o'clock flower | Mirabilis jalapa Linn. Nyctaginaceae |
| sadaphal (hindi) | none | Mussaenda frondosa Linn. Rubiaceae |
| sahacara syn.= sairyaka | wild cowry fruit | Casearia esculanta Roxb. Samydaceae |
| sahadevi syn.= sahadevi, jvarhara, ardhaprasadana | none | Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam. Euphorbiaceae |
| sakhara syn.= ikshu, rasalah, bahurasa, kandekshu, kantara ikshu, ikshubheda | devil tree / shaitan wood | Alstonia scholaris Linn. Apocynaceae |
| salap | jaggery palm / elephant's palm / fist-tail palm | Caryota urens Linn. Palmae |
| sana syn.= machika, phalamla, nali | white mustard ` | Brassica alba Rabehn. Cruciferae |
| san-angur (Hindi) | turnip / rape seed | Brassica campestris Linn. Cruciferae |
| sanaparni | long-leafed pine / clear pine | Pinus-cedrus deodar Roxb./ roxburghii Sarg. Conifereae |
| sandhya raga syn.= krishna keli | coconut plant | Cocos nucifera Linn. Palmae |
| saptacakra syn.= saptachakra, saptaranga, vakramula, svarnamula, saptakapi | white dammer tree / Indian copal tree | Vateria indica Linn. Dipterocarpaceae |
| saptala syn.= saptala, satala, carmasahva, caramakasa | mongoose plant | Ophiorrhiza mungos Linn. Rubiaceae |
| saptaparna syn.= saptaparna, vishaltvak, sharad, suparnak, sahachad, yugmaparna, munichad, bahuparna, shalmalipatrak, madagandha, gandhiparna | serpentina root | Rauwolfia serpentina Benth./ Ophioxylon serpentinum Linn. Apocynaceae |
| sarala syn.= putikashtha, pittadrum, dipvriksha, snigdhadaru, maricapatrak, surabhidanuk, bhadradaru, amardaru | lead sulfide | N/A |
| sariva # syn.= white: sariva, sharda, anantamula, gopa, dhavalsariva, shariva, nagjivha, dhavala; black: krishnamula, krishna, candansariva, bhadra | sebesten plum | Cordia wallichii / dichotoma / myxa Linn./ latifolia Roxb. Boraginaceae |
| sarja syn.= shal, asvakarnak, sasyasanvar, ajakarua, ajakarna, sarjaka, svedaghna, latavriksha, kudehaka, devadhup, kapilka | white babool / distiller's acacia | Acacia leucophloea Willd. Mimosaceae |
| sarpagandha syn.= sarpagandha, nakuli, dhavalavitapa, sarpangi, sarpakshi | none | Kyllinga nemoralis Dandy. Ex Hutch / monocephala Roxb. Cyperaceae |
| sarpakshi syn.= sarpakshi, sarpari, nagasugandha, patalbhedi | pale indigo plant / sweet indrajao | Wrightia tinctoria (Roxb.)R.Br. Apocynaceae |
| sarshapa syn.= sarshapa, katuka, sneha, bhutaghna, rakshitaphala, turtubha, rakta sarshapa | yellow thistle / Mexican poppy | Argemone mexicana Linn. Papaveraceae |
| sarshapa syn.= sarshapa, sarshap, katuk, sneh, tantubh, kadambak, siddhartha, svetasarisha | pearl-oyster | Avicula |
| satala syn.= satala, virala, sari, saptala, bahuphenaka, carmashva, carmasahva, carmakasha, phena, dipta, nalika, saptala | brown Indian hemp / jute / deccan hemp | Hibiscus cannabinus Linn. Malvaceae |
| satyanasi # syn.= svarnakshiri, kancanakshiri, pitadhattur, hemakshiri | little millet | Panicum sumatrense Roth ex. Roem. Et Schult./ miliare Poaceae |
| sauvira syn.= sauvira, anjana, krishna, kalanila, suviraja | Indian trumpet tree | Oroxylum indicum Vent. Bignoniaceae |
| seva syn.= mushtipramana, badara, simbitaka phala | none | Malus sylvestris |
| shaÂaÂruti shashashruti | none | Hibiscus aculeatus / furcatus Roxb. Malvaceae |
| shaileya syn.= shaileya, silavalka, vriddhapalit, jirnapalit, vriddha, kalanusaryak, sthavir, shiladadru, shilapushpa, shilodbhav | conch ash | Tritonium |
| shaivala shaivala | none | Convolvulus pluricaulis Chois. Convolvulaceae |
| shaivala syn.= shaivala, jalanili, sheval, jalaj, shevalum | dankuni plant | Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. Convolvulaceae |
| shakah syn.= shaka, bhumisarah, kharacchada, bhumiruha, dirghacchada | Indian sarsaparilla | Hemidesmus indicus Schult. Asclepiadaceae |
| shakhota syn.= shakhota, pita phala, chagi, kshira vinashana | none | Acacia concinna DC. Mimosaceae |
| shal # syn.= shal, ral, sarjarasa, kanakalodbhav, shalsar, rava, maharup, dhupan, sarja, dhunak, sarvarasa | none | Emilia sonchifolia (Linn.) DC. Asteraceae |
| shalaparni # syn.= shalaparni, sudala, chalparni, vidarigandha, shothaghni, shaliparni, mahaklijanaka, pitani, atiruha, dirghanghri, dhrivaparni, atiguha, anshumati | ash, lead | Plumbum |
| shallaki syn.= shallaki, gajabhakshya, suvaha, surabhi, rasa, maharuna, kunduraki, vallaki, bahustrava, bhalluka, nagavrintika | Indian olibaum, Indian frankincense | Boswellia serrata Roxb. Burseraceae |
| shalmali syn.= shalmali purani, mocha, raktapushpa, sthirayu, tulini, chirajivi, manadruma | rock candy ` | N/A |
| shami syn.= shami, shankuphala, keshahantri, shivaphala, ishani, shankar, lakshmi, mangalya, sami | stone flower | Parmelia perlata (Huds.) Ach. Lichenes |
| shana syn.= shana, matulani, jantu tantu, maha shana | none | Crotalaria retusa Linn. Fabaceae/Papilionaceae |
| shanapuÂpi syn.= shanapushpi, sanapushpi, brihatpushpi, shanghatika, mahashana, malyapushpi, vamani, katutiktaka, ghanta | hornwort | Ceratophyllum demersum Linn. Ceratophyllaceae |
| shanapushpi # syn.= shanapushpi, shanaghantika | canscora | Canscora decussata Roem. Et. Sch. Gentianaceae |
| shankha bhasma syn.= conch: shankha,kambu, jaladhara, varija, dirgha nihsvana | Indian water chestnut / Indian caltrop | Trapa bispinosa Roxb. Onagraceae |
| shankhapushpi # syn.= shankhapushpi, kshirpushpi, kusum, supushpa, medhya, malavinashini, shulaghna, smritihita, varnavilasini | none | Mussaendra frondosa Linn. / flavescens Rubiaceae |
| shankhapushpi # syn.= vishnukranta, vishnugandhi | sunn hemp / sann hemp | Crotalaria juncea Linn. Papilionaceae |
| shankhini syn.= shankhini, kambumalini | spiked ginger lily | Hedychium spicatum Ham. Scitaminaceae |
| shara syn.= shara, bann, ikshu, sayak, kshur | duckweed / vallisnaria | Serratophyllum submersom Lemanaceae |
| sharapunkha syn.= sharapunhka, sarparnukhi, indupushpika, kalsha, plihashatru, nilavrikshakriti | sal tree | Shorea robusta Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae |
| shardunika # syn.= shardunika, meshashringi, vishani, meshavalli, ajashringika, madhunashini, sarpadanashtra, vartika, cakshushya, putrashreni | sponge tree | Prosopis specigera Linn. Mimosaceae |
| shatapushpa # syn.= shatapushpa, shatahva,suvakpushpi, sanghatpatrika, vajrapushpa, vanapushpa, sugandha, sukshmapatrika, arvakpushpa, madhurasa, kshetra, atilambi | none | Saccharum munja Roxb. Gramineae |
| shatavari # syn.= shatavari, shatapadi, vrishya, dipya, dvipshatru, adharkanthika, supatra, bahumula, shatahriya, narayani, laghuparnika, supatra, bahumula, shatahriya, narayani, laghuparnika, shatavirya, abhiru, rasa | flax hemp | Crotalaria verrucosa Papilionaceae |
| shathambash»hi shathambashthi | ash, deer horn | N/A |
| shathi syn.= shathi, karcura, sugandhavacha, chandramulkia | purple tephrosia | Tephrosia purpurea Pers. Papilionaceae/Fabaceae |
| shati shati | periploca of the woods | Gymnema sylvestre Br. Asclepiadaceae |
| shati syn.= sati, karcura | asparagus root | Asparagus racemosus Willd. Liliaceae |
| shati syn.= shati, kachur, gandhamul, dravida, karsha, gandhasar, jatil, stulkanda, sati, gandha | Indian water chestnut / caltrop | Trapa natans Linn. (var. bispinosa Roxb. Makino / bispinosa Roxb. Trapaceae / Onagraceae |
| shigru syn.= shigru, shobhanjan, shigrugandha, tikshnagandha, mochak, haritshak, komalpatrak, bahumula, danshamula, shigruka, laghupatra, mulakparni, akshiva, bahala, bahalapallava, marungi | none | Kaempferia galanga Linn. Zingiberaceae |
| shilajita syn.= shilajita, shilajatu, ushnaja, shailaniryasa, girishahvaya, shilakva, giriga, shaila, shaileya, girijatu | none | Salvia plebeia R. Br. Labiatae |
| shimÂapa syn.= mahashyama, krishnasara, tikshnasara, kapila, krishnashinshapa, varan, guru, picchila, angarsara, mandalpatrika, ugmapatrika, shinshapa | fennel ` | Foeniculum vulgare Mill./ Anethum foeniculum Linn. Umbelliferae |
| shimbi syn.= simbi, kushimbi, kutsa, asra shimbi, purtaka shimbika | round zedoary | Curcuma zedoria Rosc. Scitaminaceae |
| shirish syn.= shirish, sahasraki, prithushrangi | garden rue | Ruta Graveolens Linn. / chalepensis Rutaceae |
| shirisha syn.= shirisha, sitapushpa, bhandik, mridupushpak, uddanak, shuktaru, lomapushpak, kapitan, shyamal, shukapriya, bhandil, vipra, plavavangak, shukrapushpa | pomelo / shadduck of West Indies | Citrus decumana Linn. Rutaceae |
| shivanil shivanil | none | Nilgirianthus ciliatus (Nees) Bremek. Acanthaceae |
| shleshmataka syn.= shleshmataka, selu, bahuvara, picchil, bhutvrikshak, dvijkutsit, shitaphal, shak, karbudarak, bhutdrum | ash-colored fleabane | Vernonia cineria Less. Compositae |
| shpriparna syn.= shriparna, rajatari | black wood / rose wood | Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Papilionaceae |
| shri phalam syn.= narikela, nalikera | mineral pitch / asphalt | Asphaltum |
| shringa bhasma shringa | none | Desmodium gangeticum DC. Leguminosae |
| shringataka syn.= shringataka, jalaphal, trikonphali, shringriha, jalavalli, vishani, shringahva, kaseruka, ambukanda | teak | Tectona grandis Linn. F. Verbenaceae |
| shringtaka shringtaka | Siamese rough-bush | Streblus asper Linn. Urticaceae/Moraceae |
| shritala shritala | horse radish / drumstick plant | Moringa oleifera Lam./ pterygosperma Gaertn. Moringaceae |
| shrivatte syn.= shrivatte, nagvalli, shribati, sribat | silk cotton tree | Bombax malabaricum Schott & Endl./ ceiba Linn. / Salmalia malabarica Malvaceae |
| shukti shukti | flat bean / Goa bean / Indian bean | Dolichos lablab Linn./ Phosphocarpus tetragonolobus Papilionaceae |
| shveta barbura syn.= shveta barbura, arimeda | sirissa tree | Acacia speciosa Linn. Mimosaceae |
| shvetakutaja shvetakutaja | bengali siris | Albizzia lebbek Willd. Mimosaceae |
| shvetanirvisha syn.= svetanirvisha, nirvisha | none | Indigofera aspalathoides Vahl. Papilionaceae |
| shyamaka shyamaka | sugar cane / sucanat / turbinado ` | Saccharum officinarum Linn. Gramineae |
| shyonaka syn.= shyonaka, aralu, shukanasa, ruksha, katvanga, katanbhar, mayurjangha, priyajiva, kutannata, dirghavrntaphala, katphalavanga | Salep orchid | Orchis mascula Linn./ latifolia Orchidaceae |
| sihlaka syn.= turushka | oriental sweet gum / liquid amber / Asiatic storax | Liquid amber orientalis Mill. Hamamelidaceae |
| sil haka | storax | Altingia excelsa Noronha Hamamelidaceae |
| sindura syn.= sindura, nagaja, rakta, shrimat, shringarabhushana, vasanta mandana, naga rakta, rakta raja | red oxide of lead | N/A |
| sinduri sinduri | arnotta plant / arnnatto plant | Bixa orellana Linn. Bixaceae |
| sinduvara syn.= sinduvara, shephalika | three-leaved chaste tree | Vitex trifolia Linn. Verbenaceae |
| sinkona sinkona, kunayaka | quinine bark / Peruvian bark | Cinchona officinalis Linn. Rubiaceae |
| sisa bhasma syn.= naga bhasma | deadly nightshade | Atropa belladonna Linn. Solanaceae |
| sita sita | none | Pseudarthia viscida W & A Papilionaceae |
| sitaphalam syn.= krishnabijam parushphalam, gandagatra | custard apple / sugar apple | Annona squamosa Linn. Annonaceae |
| snigdhajira syn.= snigdhabija, shigdhajiraka, sat isobgol | psyllium (seed) | Plantago psyllium / ovata Forsk. Plantaginaceae |
| snudhi syn.= snuhi, vajra, vigri, patrasnuk, svarasana, mahavriksha | milkhedge | Euphorbia neriifolia Linn./ ligularia Roxb. Euphorbiaceae |
| soma syn.= soma, somavalli | mood plant / moon creeper | Sarcostemma acidum Voigt / brevistigma W&A./ Asclepias acida Asclepiadaceae |
| somalata # syn.= soma, | ephedra | Ephedra vulgaris Rich. / gerardiana Ephedraceae |
| sonyamukhi | senna | Cassia acutifolia / lanceolata Linn. & Forsk. Caesalpiniaceae |
| sphotyabujangam sphotyabhujangam | none | Rhaphidophora laciniata (Burm.f.) Merr. / pertusa (Roxb.) Schott Araceae |
| sprikka # syn.= sprikka, sprik, brahmani, devi, nirmalya, kutika, vadhu | none | Delphinium zalil Aitch et. Hemsl. Ranunculaceae |
| sthulgokshura syn.= sthulagokshura, tiktagokshura | none | Pedalium murex Linn. Pedaliaceae |
| suci # syn.= sag angur, angurshapha, suci, girbuti, salakphala | Indian belladonna | Atropa acuminata Rorle ex Lindley / belladonna Linn. Solanaceae |
| sudarshana # syn.= sudarshana, sudarshan, vishamandala, nagadamani, somavalli, cakrangi, madhuparnila | poison bulb | Crinum asiaticum Linn. Amaryllidaceae |
| sugandha vala syn.= hviber, barhishta, udichya, kesha, ambu, keshya, lalanapriya, kuntaloshir | none | Andropogan vetiveria Linn. Gramineae |
| sugnadhavastuk | Mexican tea | Chenopodium ambrosioides Linn. Chenopodiaceae |
| sunishanna # syn.= catushpatri | none | Marsilea quadrifolia Linn. Marsiliaceae |
| surpunnag syn.= nameru, sureshta, surparnica, surtunga, punnaga | Alexandrian laurel | Ochrocarpus longifolius Benth. & Hook. f. Guttiferae |
| sushavi sushavi | none | Calycopteris floribunda Lamk. Combretaceae |
| sushena syn.= sushena, svastika, tilaparnika, sunishanna | none | Marselia minuta Marsiliaceae |
| suvarna bhasma syn.= gold: kanaka, naga, kancana, hema, hataka, taptakancana, camukara, shatakumbha, tapaniya, rukmaka, jambunada, hiranya, suratna, jatarupaka, shriniketa, bhushanarka, pitaka, svarya | ash, gold | Aurum |
| suvarnamakshika syn.= suvarnamakshika, makshika, dhatumakshika, tapya, tapija | copper pyrite | N/A |
| suvarnjuthica syn.= hemapushpika | none | Jasminum humile Linn. /chrysanthemum Roxb. Oleaceae |
| syamaparni syn.= syamapaarni, caha | tea plant | Camellia sinensis O. Kuntze / theifera Link. Ternstroemiaceae / Theaceae |
| tagara syn.= vakra, kutila, vinamra, kuncit, shatha, nihusha, dandahasta, pinditagarak, parthiv, nata | Indian valerian | Valerian wallichi DC. Valerianaceae |
| tailparni syn.= tailparni, sugandhapatra, haritparni, raktaniryas | eucalyptus | Eucalyptus citriodora Hoek. Myrtaceae |
| takkolaka | star anise of China | Illicium verum Hook.f. Magnoliaceae |
| takram | buttermilk / lassi |
|
| tala syn.= tala, patri, dirghaskandha, dhvajadruma, trunraj, madhurasa, dirghapadap, cirayu, taruraj, gajabhaksha | palmyra palm | Borassus flabellifera Linn. / blabelliformis Palmae |
| talamulika syn.= hemapuspi, musali | black musale | Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. Amaryllidaceae |
| talisha patra # syn.= manduparni, barahmi, talispatra | Himalayan yew / fir | Taxus baccata Linn. Coniferae |
| talisha patra # syn.= talishapatra, talispatra, talis, patradhya, dhatripatra, shukodara, arkavedha, karipatra, nelambar, granthikapatra | Himalayan silver fir | Abies webbiana Lindl. / spectabilis G. Don. Coniferae |
| tamakhu tamakhu | tobacco | Nicotiana tabacum Linn. Solanaceae |
| tamala syn.= tamala, tapiccha, kalaskandha, asita druma | none | Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. Guttiferae |
| tambulavalli syn.= tambulavalli, tambula | betel / betel leaf / betel pepper | Piper betel Linn. Piperaceae |
| tamra bhasma syn.= copper: mlecchamukha, shulva, naipala, ravinamaka, udumbara, suryapriya, raktaja, rakta dhatuka | ash, copper | Cuprum |
| tanduliya syn.= tunduliya, tunduliyaka, meghanada, kandira, tanduliyaka, vishaghna, kandhara | prickly amaranth | Amarantus spinosus Amarantaceae |
| tankan bhasma | ash, borax | Sodii Biboras |
| tara bhasma syn.= rupya, rupyaka, rajata, tara, shveta, vasuttama | ash, silver | Argentum |
| taruni syn.= shatapatri, saumyagandha | rose / cabbage rose / pale rose | Rosa centifolia Linn. Rosaceae |
| tavakshir² tavakshiri | arrow root ` | Maranta arundinacea Linn. Scitaminaceae |
| tavakshir² syn.= tavakshiri, payahkshir, yavaj, gavayodbhav, vanshya, godhumsambhuta, vanashakshiri, palashagandha, parthivi | curcuma starch, Indian Arrowroot | Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. Scitaminaceae |
| tejasvini syn.= tumburu, tejovati, tumbaru, tumbul | prickly ash / toothache tree | Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. / armatum DC. Rutaceae |
| tejpatra # syn.= tamalpatra, patra, tejpatram, palash, chandan, ram, tapasaj, gopan, anshuk, tamala | cassia cinnamon | Cinnamomum tamala Nees & Eberm. Lauraceae |
| tikshnakÃa syn.= tikshnaksha, kancana, dahana | forest pepper / wild orange tree / Lopez-root tree | Toddalia asiatica (Linn.) Lam. / aculeata Pers. Rutaceae |
| tila # syn.= snehaphala, tilaha | sesamum / sesame /gingelly seed | Sesamum indicum Linn. Pedaliaceae |
| tilaparni syn.= tilaparni, ajagandha, kharpushpa, ugragandha, brahmakarma, pashugandha, kabari, suvarchala, shabarigandha, tungi, bastagandha, putavarvara | caravalla seeds | Gynandropsis gynandra Capparidaceae |
| tilapushpi syn.= hatapatri | foxglove | Digitalis purpurea Linn. Scrophulariaceae |
| tinduka syn.= tinduk, nilsar, atimuktak, sphurjak, tushta, syandan, raman, ravana, asitkarak, gabha, tendu, sphurjya, katasara, kakapilu, kupilu, gridhranakhi | gaub tree / embroypteris | Diospyros tomentosa Roxb. Ebenaceae |
| tinduka syn.= tinduki | Indian persimmon / gaub persimmon | Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. / peregrina Ebenaceae |
| tinisha syn.= tinisha, syandan, rathadru | sandan | Ougeinia dalbergioides Benth./ oojeinensis Papilionaceae |
| tintidi # syn.= tintidi, tintidika, vrikshamla, amla shaka, amla padapa | none | Rhus parviflora Roxb. Anacardiaceae |
| todari syn.= kantavriksha, laghuphala, picchilbija, masurbija | papergrass | Lepidium iberis Cruciferae |
| trapusha syn.= trapusha, pitapushpi, kantalu, tarpuskarkati, bahuphala, koshaphala, tundiphala, muni | cucumber | Cucumis sativus Linn. Cucurbitaceae |
| trayamana # | Indian gentian / Himalayan gentian / chiretta | Gentiana kurroo Royle. Gentianaceae |
| trikoshaki trikoshaki, kritarandhra | none | Mukia maderaspatana (Linn.) Roem. / Melothria maderaspatana (Linn.) Cogn. Cucurbitaceae |
| tripadi tripadi | none | Desmodium triflorum (Linn.) DC. Fabaceae |
| triputa triputa | none | Allophylus serratus Kurz Sapindaceae |
| triputa syn.= triputa, kshudra khandika | chicken vetch | Lathyrus sativus Linn. Papilionaceae |
| trivrit # syn.= trivrit, trivrut, kumbha, (nishotha-hindi); red = kalindi, triputa, tamrapushpika, kasanashika, recani, rasayani, koshaphala; black - shyam, trivrut, malavika, shyama, keshadhiphala, kalakeshi, kutharana | Indian jalap / turpeth | Ipomoea turpethum Linn. / Operculina ipomoea Linn. Convolvulaceae |
| tryamana syn.= balabhadra, trayamana, trayanti, girisanuja | gold thread | Thalictrum foliolosum DC / Gentiana kurroa Ranunculaceae |
| tuda syn.= tuda, tuta, sthul, brahmadaru, madhupippali, tula | white mulberry | Morus alba Linn. Urticaceae |
| tukhm-malanga (punjabi) | none | Salvia aegyptiaca Linn. Labiatae |
| tulasi1 syn.= tulsi, vrinda, svarasa, bhutabhni, gouri, manjari, apetarakshasi, shodaghni, kalamalaka, arjaka, vanatulasi, barbari, kharabuka, kutheraka | basil, sweet ` | Ocimum basilicum Linn. Labiatae |
| tulasi2 syn.= shyama | basil, opal ` | Ocimum spp. Linn. Labiatae |
| tulasi3 syn.= tulsi, vrinda, svarasa, bhutabhni, gouri, manjari, apetarakshasi, shodaghni | basil, holy ` | Ocimum sanctum Linn. Labiatae |
| tumbara vriksha # vriksha | white mangrove | Avicennia officinalis |
| tuttha syn.= copper: suvarnamakshika, makshika, dhatumakshika, tapya, tapija | copper sulfate | N/A |
| tuvaraka syn.= tuvaraka, tuvarak, katukapittha, kunthavairy | Jangli almond / Marothi tree / chaulmugra | Hydnocarpus laurifolia Sleumer / Wightiana Blume. Flacourtiaceae |
| tvak # syn.= utkat, tanutvak, vakala, shakala, saihala, vanya, surasa, bahughadha, mukhashodhya, hridya, coca, sita | cinnamon ` | Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn./ verum Presl. Lauraceae |
| udumbara syn.= udumbar, jantuphala, hemdugdhaka, kshirvriksha, sadaphala, kalaskandha, yagnyayoga, sheetvalka, phalasambadha, yagnyasara, panibhuk | cluster fig / country fig | Ficus racemosa Linn. / glomerata Urticaceae |
| ulkata syn.= ulkata, kashtadaru | mast tree / cemetery tree | Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites Annonaceae |
| ulpalashariba syn.= ulpalashariba, palindi, shyamala, sariva, krishna sariva, kalanusari | black creeper | Ichnocarpus frutescens (Linn.) R.Br. Apocynaceae |
| unnava syn.= badara, badari, karkandhu, gudaaphala, baleshta, dridhabija, veittaphala, kantaki, vakrakantak, unnab, kola | jujube (fruit) / Chinese date | Zizyphus jujuba Lam. non Mill. / vulgaris Lam. Rhamnaceae |
| upakuncika syn.= upakuncika, dipya, kali, manodnya, taruna, jirna, sushavi, prithvika, kalika, bashpika, brihat jiraka, kunciva | small fennel, nigella seed / black cumin | Nigella sativa Linn. Ranunculaceae |
| ushaba syn.= ushaba, vanamadhusnahi, kalika, kalashak, kalik, vipindruma, krishnavarna, shraddhashaka | none | Smilax zeylanica Linn. Liliaceae |
| ushira syn.= ushira, usheer, samagandhak, javavasa, haripriya, varitara, shishir, nalad, bahumulak, veernayak | khaskhas grass / vetiveria | Andropogon muricatus Retz. / Vetiveria zizanioides Nash Gramineae |
| utangan syn.= utangan, utangjan, utingan | none | Blepharis edulis Pers. Acanthaceae |
| vaca # syn.= vaca, ugragandha, shadgrantha, golomi, shataparvika, kshudrapatra, lomasha, bhadra, rakshoghni, haimavati | sweet flag | Acorus calamus Linn. Araceae |
| vaikuntha syn.= valkuntha, mahadrona, alamula, butan-kusham | Malabar catmint | Anisomeles malabarica R. Br. Labiatae |
| vairi syn.= vairi, pitika, ekanayakam | none | Salacia reticulata Wight Hippocrateaceae/Celastraceae |
| vajra bhasma syn.= hirakam | ash, diamond | Adamas |
| vajrakanda | wild suran | Synantherias sylvatica Schott. Araceae |
| vajrakantaka syn.= vajrakantaka, tridhara, vajratundi, gandira, mahataru, snuhi vajra, schunda | triangular spurge | Euphorbia antiquorum Linn. Euphorbiaceae |
| valika syn.= valuka, kandaka, valu | none | Gisekia pharnaceoides Linn. Ficoidaceae |
| vamsalocana # syn.= vamsalocana, vamsarocana, yavaphal trinaketa, kantalu, kantaki, vanshi, suparva, trinadhvaj, tejan, kicak, | eye of bamboo | Bambusa arundinacea Willd./ bambos Gramineae |
| vanaharidra syn.= vanaharidra, aranyaharidra | red clover | Trifolium pratense Leguminosae |
| vana-meshika | wild turmeric / yellow zedoary | Curcuma aromatica Salisb. Scitaminaceae |
| vanapalandam | Indian squill | Urginea indica Kunth Liliaceae |
| vandaka syn.= vrikshadani, vandak, vriksharuha, shekhari, kamrupa, taruruha, kamini, padmarupini | mistletoe- parasite / loranthus coriaceus | Dendrophthoe falcata Loranthaceae |
| vandhya syn.= vandhya, vandhyakarkotaki, devi, kumari, vishanadhini, manojna, nagadamani, yogishvari | none | Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng. Cucurbitaceae |
| varahi # syn.= varahi, magadhi, grishti, varahi kanda, saukara, koti | none | Tacca aspera Roxb. T. Lavis Taccaceae |
| varuna syn.= varuna, padap, triparna, bhramarpriya, bilvapatra, vrittaphala, tiktashak, setuvriksha, ashmarighna | three-leaved caper | Crataeva nurvala / religiosa / magna Hook & Forst. Capparidaceae |
| vasaka # syn.= vasa, vasaka, vasika, vajidanta, sinhasya, brishakmata, vrisha, shitkarni, pancamukhee, maturka, atarusha | malabar nut | Adhatoda vasaka Nees / Justica adhatoda Linn. Acanthaceae |
| vasha vasha | none | Justicia beddomei (Clarke) Bennet Acanthaceae |
| vastuka syn.= vastuka, cilli, brihat bala, rakta, cillika, gauda vastuka, katinjara, vastuka bheda | goose foot / wild spinach / white goosefoot | Chenopodium album Linn. Chenopodiaceae |
| vastuka syn.= vastuka, shaka patra, kambira, prasadaka | none | Chenopodium murale Linn. Chenopodiaceae |
| vasuka syn.= buka | none | Spermacoce hispida Linn. / Borreria hispida K.Schum. Rubiaceae |
| vata syn.= vata, nyagrodha, sriksha, bahupada, shikhandin, skandaja, nyagrodha | banyan tree | Ficus bengalensis Linn. Urticaceae |
| vatada syn.= badam, vatama, vatad, vatavairi | almond | Amygdalus commonis Linn./ Prunus amygdalus Batsch Rosaceae |
| vataghni syn.= vataghni, nila-nirgundi, krishna nirgunda | none | Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. / Gendarussa vulgaris Nees. Acanthaceae |
| vatsanabha # syn.= vatsanabha, visha, amrit, ugra, mahaushadha, garal, maran, nag, stokaka, visha | Indian aconite | Aconitum ferox Wall./ nepillus Linn. Ranunculaceae |
| vellantara syn.= virataru | none | Dichrostachys cinerea (Linn) W&A / Mimosa cinerea Mimosaceae |
| vetasa # syn.= vanjula, namra, vanira, dirghapatraka, nadeya, madhya pushpa, toyakama, nikumjaka, mandi mashaka | willow bark / sallow | Salix caprea Linn. Salicaceae |
| vetrah syn.= vetasa | common rattan / rattan | Calamus rotang Linn. Palmae |
| vidanga # syn.= vidanga, citratandul, jantunashan, vatari, jantughni, jantughna, krishnatandul | embilia | Embelia ribes Burm. Myrsinaceae |
| vidara vishvasaraka | prickly pear | Opuntia dillenii Haw. / Cactus indicus Cactaceae |
| vidari # syn.= vidari, kshirakanda varshavalli, bhumikushmanda, payasvini, kshiravidari | none formally but sim (wild yam) | Ipomoea digitata Linn. Convolvulaceae |
| vidari # syn. = vidari, svadukanda, sita, ikshugandha, payasvini, vrishykanda, bhukushmandi, shukla, varada, varahavadana | Indian kudzu | Pueraria tuberosa Leguminosae |
| vikankata syn.= vikankata, srivavriksha, granthil, svadukantak, yagnyavriksha, kantaki, vyaghrapad, vrikshakantakari | Mauritus plum / Madagascar plum / governor's plum | Flacourtia ramoutchi Fam./ indica Merr. Flacourtiaceae |
| vikankata syn.= vikankata, srivavriksha, sruvavriksha | puneala plum | Flacourtia jangomas Rausch. Flacourtiaceae |
| vishaghni # syn.= vishaghni, anadana, raja-adana, ganda durva | none | Alstonia venenata R. Br. Apocynaceae |
| vishamuÃtih syn.= vishamushti, osadi | appa grass | Ageratum conyzoides Linn. Asteraceae |
| vriddharuka # syn.= vriddharuka, vriddha daru | elephant creeper | Argyreia speciosa Sweet / nervosa Boj. / Lettsomia nevosa Convolvulaceae |
| vriddhi vriddhi | none | Habenaria intermedia D.Don Orchidaceae |
| vrikkabija syn.= vrikkabija, vrikkaphala, venamra, shuphahara | cashew nut | Anacardium occidentale Linn. Anacardiaceae |
| vriksha§¸a syn.= vrikshamla, | none | Garcinia gummi-gutta (linn.) Robs. Guttiferae/Clusiaceae |
| vrintaki syn.= vrintaki, vartiki, vritta, bhantaki, bhantika, vartaku, bartaku, pitaphala | eggplant | Solanum melongena Linn. Solanaceae |
| vrishcik±¸i syn.= vrishcikali, srihastini, suryavarta, hastisunda | heliotrope / Indian turnsole | Heliotropium indicum Linn. Boraginaceae |
| vyaghranakhi | none | Capparis zeylanica Linn. Capparidaceae |
| yashada bhasmam syn.= zinc: jasada, yashada, ranga,sadrisa, ditihetu | ash, zinc | Zincum |
| yashtimadhu syn.= yashtimadhu, madhuka, yashti, madhur, atirasa, saumya, shoshapaha, jalaja, madhuparni, madhuyashti | licorice (root) | Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. Papilionaceae |
| yavani # syn.= yavani, yamani, dipyaka, dipya, vatari, shulhantri, yavanika, ugra, tivragandha, bhumi, agnigandha, hridya, agnivardha | kings' cumin / bishop's weed | Trachispermum amami Linn. Sprague. Umbelliferae |
| yavasa # syn.= yavasa, yasa, yavas, yavasaka, duhsparsha, ananta, tikshnakanta, samudranta, dirghamula, marudhbhava, gandhari, dhanvayavas, dhanva, dhanvayasa, duralabha, dhanvayasa, kacchudara, kacchura | Arabian/Persian manna plant | Alhagi pseudalhagi Desv. / camelorum / maurorum Desv. Papilionaceae |
| yuthika syn.= yuthika, balpushpa, pushpagandha, ganojjvala, ganika, carumoda, shikhandi, svarnapushpika | needle flower jasmine | Jasmin auriculata Vahl. Oleaceae |
| yuthikaparni yuthikaparni | none | Rhinacanthus nasuta (Linn.) Kurz / communis Nees Acanthaceae |
| zupha | hyssop | Hyssopus officinalis Linn. Labiateae |